Professional Morality- Notes 2, Study notes of Journalism

Ethics is the study of morals and professional morals play a huge part in the sutdy of journalism media and ethics

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 10/02/2012

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1. Professional Morality and Public Interest
The duty to inform the public is used to justify publication details of
the private life of public oice holders not only details of their oice
Morality and society- the prudential decision enforced by
law eg court case reporting, privacy
Morality and commerce- a question of duty to the
company vs reader, circulation and prot vs. moral
reporting
Morality and the consumer-the reader wants to buy it, pg
50
The consumer however can’t always be blamed for this
because:
The consumer may be entirely unaware that the
publication contains unethical material
Even if they are aware they cant make a judgment
until they see the article and pictures published
A journalist uses material that people will buy a
paper for even if it is just because others are talking
about it.
The moral decision is the journalist sole decision and
cannot be shared with the consumer. The decision to
print is a dierent moral decision to the one to read.
Freedom of speech is rights based and not virtue based, it
cannot be measured, it is an absolute, yet limits are placed
on media freedom.
2. Limits on Journalists
UK Headings of Media Freedom Limitations:
Coverage of criminal proceedings
Protection of individual honor (defamation)
Protection of commercial condentiality
Invasions of personal privacy
Security and defense
The public good (decency and taste)
Public order
Prevention of terrorism
thics and
Page 1
sabato agosto 09, 20142011-10-20T10:52:00Z
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  1. Professional Morality and Public Interest
    • The duty to inform the public is used to justify publication details of the private life of public office holders not only details of their office
    • Morality and society- the prudential decision enforced by law eg court case reporting, privacy
    • Morality and commerce- a question of duty to the company vs reader, circulation and profit vs. moral reporting
    • Morality and the consumer-the reader wants to buy it, pg 50
    • The consumer however can’t always be blamed for this because: - The consumer may be entirely unaware that the publication contains unethical material - Even if they are aware they cant make a judgment until they see the article and pictures published - A journalist uses material that people will buy a paper for even if it is just because others are talking about it. - The moral decision is the journalist sole decision and cannot be shared with the consumer. The decision to print is a different moral decision to the one to read.
    • Freedom of speech is rights based and not virtue based, it cannot be measured, it is an absolute, yet limits are placed on media freedom.
  2. Limits on Journalists

UK Headings of Media Freedom Limitations:

  • Coverage of criminal proceedings
  • Protection of individual honor (defamation)
  • Protection of commercial confidentiality
  • Invasions of personal privacy
  • Security and defense
  • The public good (decency and taste)
  • Public order
  • Prevention of terrorism

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The 4 main areas in which professional morality may place a limit on freedom to publish:

  • The limits that are placed on what information is gathered
    • Public Censorship e.g. Terrorism, Sinn Fein, Muslim extremists
    • Most people support media freedom but also support censorship of certain coverage
    • Government Regulation through:
      • The Official Secrets Act 1989- journalists cannot enquire into any government business that is sensitive without the approval of a minister state
      • The Contempt of Court Act 1981
      • Sexual Offences (Ammendment) Act 1976
      • Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
      • Criminal Ebidence and Youth Justic Act 1999
      • (^) The Terrorism Act 2000
  • The limits that are placed on how that information is gathered
    • Paying criminals for info
    • Intrusion of privacy
    • Harassment
  • The limits that are placed on what information is published
    • UN Declaration of Human Rights clause 12
      • Protecting reputation of citizens
      • (^) Preventing excessive invasions of privacy and intrusion
      • (^) Protecting innocence of those facing court proceeding
    • (^) Privacy laws
    • Defamation Laws
  • Guaranteeing the quality of the information that is published
    • Honesty and accuracy
    • Testing honesty through:
      • Against our knowledge of what we know
      • By accessing primary sources and checking information
  1. Truth and Accuracy
  2. Privacy and Media Freedom

4..a Case study pg 54

  1. The Good Journalist

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