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Learning Activity 12. Research Work (50 pts)
1. Search for the meaning and characteristics of the abovementioned learners with special
needs.
2.Watch YouTube videos about each of the learners’ with special needs.
3. Do what are asked for in the matrix below based on your search from the internet.
Learners with Special Needs Meaning and Characteristics ( 3 to 5 characteristics in sentences only not paragraphs) Sources on Websites A. Neurological Disorder
- Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
- Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivit y Disorder (ADHD )
- Attention Deficit Disorder is an out-of-date phrase that was used before 1987.
- It became ADHD or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to include a broader range of symptoms that persons with ADHD frequently encounter.
- Some symptoms include; trouble paying attention, disorganized, seems forgetful and many more.
- The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is a mental disorder that affects the individual’s ability to focus.
- May need to move around frequently.
- Having trouble controlling impulsive behaviors.
- Affects roughly 8% of children and 2% of adults.
- Signs and symptoms include; disorganization, trouble planning ahead, impatience, difficulty with following directions and inability to sit still in one place for an extended time. https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=vQRh_VMA7Vc https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=uW6e50NYlWE B. Social and Mental Developmental Disorder
- Autism - Autism is a permanent developmental condition that often manifests in early infancy and has a negative influence on a person's social skills, communication, relationships, and self-control. https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=RrHJBPF5uDw
- Dysgraphia
- Dyscalculia to letters and words (decoding).
- People with dyslexia find it challenging to perform specific task at a reasonable speed.
- A dyslexic person may show certain symptoms such as: Difficulty^ in^ remembering^ the right names for things Problems^ with^ directions May^ need^ a^ longer^ time^ to process a word And^ for^ some,^ it^ could^ be challenging to hold a pen.
- Dysgraphia is an unexpected difficulty in writing in students who are otherwise intelligent and talented.
- Dysgraphia can occur by itself, but it can also be seen with fine- motor and sensory difficulties, Dyslexia and ADD/ADHD.
- The most common way to help them are reducing the quantity of written work, allow extra time, allow students to type/dictate/use other types of technology.
- Problems with learning fundamentals including basic numerical skills.
- Persons with dyscalculia have difficulties in: Recognizing^ numbers^ + symbols Fluidity^ +^ flexibility^ with numbers Visualizing Counting Estimating Measurement Working^ with^ numbers Patterns Spatial^ relations https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=WMfl5kqSWmk https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=HVf_OHK2hHQ E. Learners with Physical Disabilities
- Visual Impairment
- Visual impairment is also known as vision impairment or vision https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=iCgR3Ssu6aY
- Speech Impairment
- Hearing Impairment
- Multiple physical Impairment loss.
- It is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means such as glasses.
- The most common causes of visual impairment globally are cataracts, glaucoma, nearsighted, farsighted, presbyopia and astigmatism.
- A condition in which the ability to produce speech sounds that are necessary to communicate with others is impaired.
- Speech impairment can be mild such as occasionally mispronouncing a couple of words.
- Speech impairment can be severe such as not being able to produce speech sounds at all.
- An impairment in hearing whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance but is not included under the definition of ‘deafness’.
- Causes are exposure to loud noise, illness, heredity and aging.
- Diseases that may cause hearing impairment are chicken pox, cytomegalovirus, mumps, meningitis, sickle cell disease, aids and syphilis. https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=9e0SCEd_rcU https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=A8qy3hR31Uo F. Learners who are Gifted and Talented
- Visual Arts - Two sets of characteristics are associated with visually talented children: behavioral traits and characteristics of their artwork. It is not likely that a child will have all of the characteristics listed below, but a child who possesses special talent in art will probably https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=06YzozqN4QU
- Anxiety Attack
- Depression
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
- Uncontrolled fear, nervousness and/or worry about trivial or non- existent things.
- Fear of unlikely future events
- Have insight
- A mental health disorder characterized by persistently low mood.
- The average of depressive episode is seen to be six to eight months.
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a serious condition that causes great distress.
- People become overwhelmed by their thoughts and anxiety, and obsessed to the rituals that take away that anxiety.
- Used to be called manic depression
- Is a serious mental illness that causes a person to have dramatic shifts in emotions, mood, and energy levels. https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=Ha23BbieZO https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=yOx0Q273AsQ https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=KSvk8LLBo2g https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=KSvk8LLBo2g H. Learners with Chronic Illnesses
- Asthma
- Epilepsy
- People with asthma can have asthma exacerbation or asthma attacks, which are usually triggered by something in the environment which causes immune cells to generate inflammation in the lungs which can make them even narrower and potentially life-threatening.
- Causes: Genetic^ factors Environmental^ factors
- People with epilepsy have recurring and unpredictable seizures.
- A seizure is a sudden burst of electrical activity which can cause https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=ovv8intb9kY https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=PG12JfJJW9U
- Diabetes
- Allergy a person to experience new sensation or movements.
- Cause people to have too much glucose in their blood.
- Type 1 – can’t make Insulin at all
- Type 2 – the Insulin either can’t work effectively or can’t produce enough of it.
- An allergy is a reaction by your immune system to something that doesn’t bother most other people.
- People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one thing. https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=wZAjVQWbMlE https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=7Ni7Tuc6eCs I. Learners in Difficult Circumstances
- Living in Remote Places
- Victims of War
- Products of Broken Family
- Street Children/ Children from Impoverished Family
- Remote areas are those which are very far from the urban areas and are isolated community from highly populated settlements or lacks of transportations.
- A person has been attacked, injured, robbed or killed by someone else or a person who is cheated or fooled by someone else and something that is harmed by an unpleasant event.
- A family in which the parents are separated or divorced is disruptive to your child’s life no matter how carefully you protect him.
- Over time, your little one will come to accept his new “normal”, but recognized that it will take time for this acceptance to happen and that behavioral bumps will occur along the way.
- Children who have no home but the streets, and no family support.
- They move from place to place, living in shelters and abandoned https://www.youtube.co m /watch?v=ATEcwkfnCpA
gaming ( IVG) Medicine program https://www.ph. undp.org/content /philippines/en/h ome/library/prev ention-and- management-of - mental-health- conditions-in - the-phi.html B. Social and Mental Developmental Disorder Family systems programs - Family systems programs follow a systems approach in that they most commonly focus on children Together at school - a school-based intervention program to promote socio- emotional skills and mental health in children The Massachus etts Child Psychiatry Access Project (MCPAP ) promoted the creation of a statewide service favoring collaborati Schizoph renia Research Foundati on (SCARF )
- fulfill the need for a broader, holistic approach to the managem https://www.nap. edu/read/21868/ chapter/7#23 3 https://bmcpubli chealth.biomed c entral.com/articl es/10.1186/147 1 -2458-14-104 2 https://www.ncb i.nlm.nih.gov/ p mc/articles/PM C 3146177 /
variables, such as stress, depression. between primary care practices and specialized child and adolescent psychiatry services. severe mental disorders. https://ijmhs.bi o medcentral.com / articles/10.1186 / s13033-020 - 00356- 9 C. Learners with Intellectual Disability Individualiz ed Family Services Plan, or IFSP Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA Children's Act and Persons with Disabilitie s Act Kiwanis Down Syndrom e Foundati on, KDSF https://www.par entcenterhub.org /intellectual/ https://dsq- sds.org/article/vi ew/3846/379 3 https://files.eric. ed.gov/fulltext/ E J1091691.pd f D. Learners with Learning Disability Home- Based Free Appropriate Assessing accommod Christoff el https://www.you tube.com/watch? Support - Develop homework routines. Public Education (FAPE) for Students With Disabilities. ations, Designing for Accessibili ty with Perceivabl e, Operable, Understan dable and Robust (POUR ) Blinden- mission Internati onal, an NGO in conductin g Training Worksho ps since 1998 for SPED and regular teachers v=dzzlJQXmJI w &t=1 s https://www.heal thychildren.org / English/health - issues/conditio n s/learning- disabilities/Pag e s/Interventions- for-Learning - Disorders.asp x http://www.nise. go.jp/kenshuka/ j osa/kankobutsu/ pub_d/d-175/d- 175_1 _10.pdf E. Learners with Physical Disabilities Use mnemonics such as SLANT (Sit up, lean forward, ask Creating a physically accessible environment that is not mobility- limited. Physical Disability Service
CCS
Disabilit y Action https://www2.un b.ca/alc/modules /physical - disabilities/impl i cations-for - learning.htm l
children for professional assessment. Children progress rapidly in their early years and lots of
changes are expected in a year or even a month’s time. Because of this
even experts may find it difficult to make a firm diagnosis based on a young child’s conditions. On the other
hand, it is precisely the plasticity of children’s development that makes early identification and intervention
important. With early identification of children’s developmental and learning problems and prompt referral
for assessment, it helps us understand and support the children’s conditions and needs in development and
learning.
As a future teachers, it is very important for me/for us to know the typology of learners with special
needs because in this situation if you know them properly, you can handle them and understand them
well in terms of their performance in school and also through their attitudes on how they act and interact
with others. Learners with special needs has a special education that ensures students with learning
disabilities received specialized instruction designed to meet their unique learning needs. In this way, you
can also help them to get an opportunity to reach their full academic potential. For knowing about the
learners with special needs there is always a reasons behind it which is shown in the following: First,
through their behaviors. An important first step in identifying children with learning disabilities is to
recognize the behaviors that they typically display. Maybe it is internalizing or externalizing behaviors. A
child who demonstrates internalizing behaviors is not necessarily an introvert. Instead, they become quiet
and withdrawn when faced with a learning situation that they are not confident in. Other internalizing
behaviors include boredom, disorganization and inattention. Likewise, a child who demonstrates
externalizing behaviors is not necessarily an extrovert. Instead, they become loud and disruptive when
they are faced with learning situations that they are not confident in. Other externalizing behaviors
include delinquent behaviors, aggressive behaviors and clowning around. Second reason is if the learner
have a Bad grades, it might be a sign of a learning disability. However, their failing grade could simply be
from a lack of interest in the subject, or they could be developmentally delayed in their learning ability. If
they are developmentally delayed, they typically are able to catch up with their peers once they are given
additional tutoring in the subject. However, if tutoring doesn't help the child, and the student is
consistently struggling in one or more subject areas, the parent or the teacher may request that the child
be given a diagnostic achievement test. This test is used to determine a student's strengths and
weaknesses. However, the assumption that an achievement test makes is that the student is willing to do
their very best on the test. Unfortunately, often, if a student doesn't enjoy school, they will be less than
enthusiastic to perform well on an achievement test. If this is the case, it becomes important to look at
the behavior of the student. Third is when students classified with speech and language disorders and
specific learning disabilities were the most likely to move out of special education. Fourth is when a child
has a severe discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability. And lastly, is when a child is under
in a Language-based learning disabilities like difficulty of pronouncing and rhyming words.
Early identification of children with special needs is very important activity for preventing them and
to identify problems that can be corrected quickly than when the situation has already unmanageable. On
the other hand, when the learning disability is recognized early on, steps can be taken to help the children
to obtain the life skills needed for a successful life throughout adulthood. Early identification not only
improves the child’s ability to reach their academic potential, but also prevents the development of low
selfesteem and behavior problems that further interfere with their ability to learn. Without early
diagnosis, the potential to develop the skills they need to have a normal, successful life as an adult can be
greatly reduced.
Learning Activity 15. Research Activity ( 15 pts)
1. Read one research of any topic about children and youth with special needs. Copy the abstract of the
study and state the following:
I. Title of the Study PARTICIPATION AND DISABILITY- A
Almqvist, L. (2006). Participation in school
environment of children and
adolescents with disabilities: A person-
oriented approach. Journal of policy and practice in
intellectual disabilities, 3, 6575.
Almqvist, L., Eriksson, L., & Granlund, M. (2004).
Delaktighet i skolaktiviteter- ett
systemteoretiskt perspektiv [participation
in school activities- a system theoretical
perspective]. In A. Gustavsson (Ed.),
Delaktighetens språk. Lund:
Studentlitteratur.
Almqvist, L., & Granlund, M. (2005).
Participation In School Environment of Children and
Adolescentss with disabilities. Scandinavian
Journal of Psychology, 46, 305-314.
Almqvist, L., & Granlund, M. (submitted).
Stability and change in positive functioning
for young children with and without
developmental delay.
Almqvist, L., Hällnäs, P., Stefansson, M., & Granlund,
M. (accepted). I can play! young children's
perception of health. Pediatric
Rehabilitation.
Arvidsson, P., Thyberg, M., & Granlund, M.
(submitted). Factors with a positive relation to
self rated participation in adolescents and adults
with mild intellectual disability- a systematic
literature review.
Bailey, D. B., Simeonsson, R. J., Buysse, V., & Smith,
T. (1993). Reliability of an index of child
characteristics. Developmental Medicine &
Child Neurology, 35(9), 806-815.
Bandura, A. (1997). Sources of selfefficacy.
In A. Bandura (Ed.), Selfefficacy: the exercise of
control (pp. 79114). Basingstoke: W. H. Freeman.
BarnOmbudsmannen. (2006). Röster som
with a mild intellectual disability. Journal of
intellectual disabilities, 9(1), 25-42.
Buysse, V., Davis Goldman, B., & Skinner, M. L.
(2002). Setting effect on friendship formation
among young children with and without
disabilities. Council for Exceptional Children,
Carlson, C. I. (1987). Social Interaction,
Goals, and Strategies of Children with Learning
Disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities,
Cieza, A., Brockow, T., Ewert, T., Amman,
E., Kollerits, B., Chatterji, S., et al. (2002).
Linking health-status measures to the international
classification of funtioning, disability and health.
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 34, 205-210.
Clark, E., Olympia, d., E, Jensen, J., Heathfield, L.,
Tuesday, & Jenson, W., R. (2004). Striving for
autonomy in a contingency-governed world:
another challenge for individuals with
developmental disabilities. Psychology in school,
Clonan, S., M, Chafouleas, S. M.,
McDougal, J., L, & Riley-Tillman, T., Chris. (2004).
Positive psychology goes to school: are we there yet?
Psychology in school, 41(1), 101-110.
Cole, C. M., Waldron, N., & Majd, M.
(2004). Academic Progress of Students
Across Inclusive and Traditional Settings.
Mental retardation, 42(2), 136-144.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, United
Nations (1989).
Cook, B. G. (2001). A comparisons of teacher's
attitudes toward their included students with
mild and severe disabilities. The Journal of Special
Education, 34(4), 203-213.
Council, N. R. (2000). From Neurons to neighborhoods-
the science of early childhood development. Washington
D.C.:
National Academy Press.
