Programming Fundamentals Chapter 04: Structures, Slides of Programming Languages

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Programming Fundamentals

Chapter 04: Structures

Structures

❑ We have seen variables of simple data types,

such as float, char, and int.

❑ Variables of such types represent one item of

information: a height, an amount, a count, and

so on.

❑ But just as groceries are organized into bags,

employees into departments, and words into

sentences, it’s often convenient to organize

simple variables into more complex entities.

❑ The C++ construction called the structure is

one way to do this.

❑ A structure is a collection of simple variab-

les (can be of different types).

❑ The data items in a structure are called the

members of the structure.

Program to use a structure (1/2) // uses parts inventory to demonstrate structures #include using namespace std; struct part{ // declare a structure int modelnumber; // ID number of widget int partnumber; // ID number of widget part float cost; // cost of part }; int main(){ part part1; // define a structure variable // give values to structure members part1.modelnumber = 6244; part1.partnumber = 373; part1.cost = 217.55F;

Program to use a structure (2/2) // display structure members cout << "Model " << part1.modelnumber; cout << ", part " << part1.partnumber; cout << ", costs $" << part1.cost << endl; system("PAUSE"); return 0; }

Initializing Structure Members (1/2) // uses parts inventory to demonstrate structures #include using namespace std; struct part{ // declare a structure int modelnumber; // ID number of widget int partnumber; // ID number of widget part float cost; // cost of part }; int main(){ // initialize variable part part1 = { 6244, 373, 217.55F }; part part2; // define variable // display first variable cout << "Model " << part1.modelnumber; cout << ", part " << part1.partnumber; cout << ", costs $" << part1.cost << endl;

Placing A Person’s Information (1/3) #include #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; struct date{ int month; int day; int year; }; struct student{ char name[80]; char mobile[15]; int age; char email[30]; date birthday; };

Placing A Person’s Information (2/3) int main(){ student sd1; cout << "Please Enter Your Information " << endl; cout << "Name: "; gets(sd1.name); cout << "mobile Number: "; gets(sd1.mobile); cout << "Your Age: "; cin >> sd1.age; cout << "Please Enter Your Birthday \n"; cout << "Year: "; cin >> sd1.birthday.year; cout << "month(1-12): "; cin >> sd1.birthday.month; cout << "Day(1-31): "; cin >> sd1.birthday.day;