Propagating
Bamboo
NATIONAL MISSION ON BAMBOO APPLICATIONS
Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council (TIFAC)
Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
TRAINING
MANUAL
TM 03 11/04
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Propagating
Bamboo
NATIONAL MISSION ON BAMBOO APPLICATIONS
Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council (TIFAC) Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
TRAINING
MANUAL
TM 03 11/
Vegetative Propagation:
Rhizome-based
I
N T H I S T I M E - T E S T E D and widely practised method, a segment of the rhizome is severed or separated from the parent rhizome, and nurtured to develop into an independent source of planting material.
The detached portion of the rhizome carries all the elements needed for the growth of a new plant. It may be separated with other parts of the plant, such as rhizome offsets, roots and culm.
Common to all methods of rhizome-based propagation is the cutting away of a part of the rhizome from a healthy and mature clump.
The rhizomes should be separated with care, using sharp and clean cutting instruments. Care should be taken while severing, to ensure that the rhizome system, on which the plant is dependent for its growth and health, is not damaged. The steps involved are as follows.
- Immediately cover the rhizome and root portion with a wet gunny bag. Bamboo in cut condition desiccates and dries up very quickly. Cover the top of the culm with a polythene strip or seal with paint, to prevent desiccation.
- Transport the offsets to the planting area or nursery, as soon as possible.
- Before planting, dip/drench the rhizome in a fungicidal solution like Bavistin, appropriately diluted (1 gram/litre) or a similar fungicide. Measure the amount of fungicide and water accurately, to avoid wastage and unnecessary use of expensive fungicide.
- For field planting, the pit size should be 50 x 50 x 50 centimetres as a norm for medium-sized bamboos like Bambusa balcooa and Bambusa polymorpha. Smaller pit sizes will do for smaller species like Bambusa pallida and Ochlandra travancorica , and larger bamboos like Dendrocalamus giganteus will need deeper pits.
- The dug-out soil should be fortified with farm yard manure (FYM – 5 kilograms) and chemical fertilizer (100 grams urea, 100 grams SSP and 50 grams MOP).
- Planting should be done vertically.
- In the event of delayed planting, plant the offsets in gunny bags and place them in a nursery.
Precautions
- It is advisable to seal the slant cut of the culm with earth.
- Some weeding may be necessary after transplanting.
Limitations
- Only a small number of offsets can be extracted from each mother clump.
- Extraction of rhizome offsets is time-consuming and expensive.
Rhizome with Roots
In this method, rhizomes with the
accompanying root system are
severed from the parent rhizome in
sections that are around 50–
centimetres long, and containing
about 10–15 nodes.
This method, which uses rhizomes
that are 2–3 years old, is
appropriate when the rhizomes
have to be carried over a long
distance. In such cases, some of the
soil clinging to the rhizome should
be loosened or washed off. It should
then be wrapped in moss and
encased in moist gunny sacking
before being transported.
This method works well for mono-
podial bamboo species. Since most
Indian bamboos are sympodial, it is
rarely practised or recommended.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION: RHIZOME-B ASED
- The mother clump and rhizome buds could be damaged during extraction.
- Rhizomes can be heavy – a rhizome offset of Dendrocalamus giganteus can weigh up to 30–35 kilograms. They are therefore difficult to carry. A farmer can typically carry only 2–3 rhizomes from his grove to the collection point or market.
- Transportation of the bulky rhizome offsets is expensive because of their weight and volume, and the requirements of careful packing and handling.
- Damage to rhizome buds during extraction and transportation leads to failure of propagation.
- The method is not suitable for large-scale plantations.
PART-CLUMP PLANTING
This is very similar to the offset method, the only difference being that a rhizome assembly with 2 or 3 offsets connected to each other is collected as the propagule. Individual rhizomes in a part-clump propagule should not be separated or damaged at the time of collection from the soil. The culm part of each rhizome member should be 3-4- nodes high, with viable branch buds. During transportation, care should be taken to avoid injury to the rhizome parts. Planting should be done during the rainy season. As the propagule contains more than one rhizome, the planting pit should be suitably large. This method of propagation is well-suited to thin-walled bamboo species like Melocanna baccifera and Schizostachyum dullooa.
SPECIES INFORMATION
Rhizome offsets can easily be utilised for propagation in most of the commercially significant species. The exceptions are Melaconna baccifera , where rhizome offsets have been rarely successful and are not therefore ordinarily practised, and Bambusa bambos , in which such methods are only occasionally used, because of practical difficulties in accessing and severing the rhizome, especially in congested and extremely thorny clumps. If and once secured, however, rhizome offsets work reasonably well, even in Bambusa bambos.
Rhizome with roots, rhizome with culm and roots and rhizome with offsets as described in the manual are mainly recommended for monopodial bamboos and are not suitable for any of the sympodial bamboos.
Part clump methods have been successfully established for Melaconna baccifera and Schizostachyum dullooa.
Rhizome with Roots and Culm
In this case, a healthy culm that is a
year old, or older, is identified, and its
rhizome is severed along with the
lower part of the culm.The upper
part of the culm is removed, so that
only some (at least 4–6) nodes and
the corresponding branches and
leaves are retained.
Rhizome with Culm Stock