Download PSYC 3230 - Abnormal Psychology Test: Questions and Answers on Personality Disorders and more Exams Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
3 (Final) questions and answers
Describe Funder's view on personality - personality is "an individual's characteristic patterns of though, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological motivations behind those patterns" describe millon's view on personality - a personality trait is "a long-standing pattern of behavior expressed across time and in many different situations" List the five factor model - OCEAN
- openness to experience
- conscientiousness
- extraversion
- agreeableness
- neuroticism Describe the facets of openness to experience - fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, values describe the facets of conscientiousness - competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, deliberation, organization
3 (Final) questions and answers
describe the facets of extraversion - warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking, positive emotion describe the facets of agreeableness - trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, tender-mindedness, suspicious describe the facets of neuroticism - anxiety, hostility, depression, self- consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability describe a personality trait - a long-standing pattern of behavior expressed across time and in many different situations personality disorders are composed of personality traits that are: - - inflexible (adaptive personality is flexible but not unstable)
- maladaptive
- causes significant functional impairment or subjective distress
3 (Final) questions and answers
the expectations of an individual's culture. this pattern is manifested in two (or more) of the following areas
- cognition (ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events)
- affectivity (range, lability, an appropriateness of emotional response)
- interpersonal functioning impulse control b. the enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a braid range of personal and social situations c. the enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, for other important areas of functioning d. the pattern is stable and of long duration, and its onset can be traced back to adolescence or early adulthood describe the theoretical issues of borderline PD - - 5 of 9 symptoms have "it"; 4 of 9 do not have "it"
- once have "it" presumed to look alike
- 126 different ways to have 5 BPD symptoms
- not meeting criteria (eg 3 or 4) not the same as being symptomatic
- dichotomizing dimensional variables always results in a loss of information
3 (Final) questions and answers
- cut-offs not empirically derived - don't look different; done function differently
- cause problems whit stability and inter-rater reliability
- almost unanimous consensus that PD should be NOT used in a categorical manner
- Frances (1993) "not whether, but when and which) describe the theoretical issues of comorbidity - if diagnosed with a PD, likely have more than just 1 describe the theoretical issues of gender differences - Certain PDs believed to be more common in men vs. women:
- men: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal (cluster a); antisocial, narcissistic, OCPD
- women: histrionic, borderline, dependent describe the theoretical issues of coverage pf PD diagnoses - - PD NOS (verheul and windiger, 2004)
- have a PD not recognized by the DSM
- have features more than one PD but don't meet criteria for any specific PD but features causes distress/impairment
3 (Final) questions and answers
- narcissistic PD describe antisocial PD - a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others describe borderline PD - a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self- image, and affects, and marled impulsivity describe histrionic PD - a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking describe narcissistic PD - a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy list the DSM-5 personality disorders in cluster c - - the worried
- avoidant PD
- dependent PD
- OCPD
3 (Final) questions and answers
describe avoidant PD - a pattern of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation describe dependent PD - a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related t the excessive need to be taken care of describe OCPD - a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control describe the criteria for narcissistic personality disorder - a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) symptoms list the symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder - 1. has a grandiose sense of self-importance
- is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, for ideal love
- believes that he or she is special and unique and can only be understood by or should associate with other special or high status people
3 (Final) questions and answers
- self direction describe identity impairment - experience oneself as unique, whit clear boundaries between self and others; stability of self esteem and accuracy of self- appraisal; capacity/ability to regulate emotional experience describe self-direction - pursuit of coherent and meaningful short and long-term goals; use of constructive and prosocial internal standards of behavior ability to self-reflect list the types of interpersonal impairment - - empathy
- intimacy describe empathy impairment - no comprehension and appreciation of others' experiences and motivations; tolerance of suffering perspective; understanding the effect of one's own behavior on others describe intimacy impairment - depth and duration of connection with others; desire and capacity for closeness; mutuality of regard reflected in interpersonal behavior
3 (Final) questions and answers
what are the 5 domains for the DSM-5 trait model - - negative affectivity
- detachment
- antagonism
- dishinibition
- psychoticism hat 6 disorders remain out of the DSM-5 trait model - schizotypal, antisocial borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, OCPD describe the impairment of antisocial PD - egocentrism; goal setting based on personal gratification; lack of concern for others; exploit, deceive, dominant, coerce others describe the traits of antisocial PD and how many someone needs to have - - 6 of 7
- manipulativeness, callousness, deceitfulness, hostility, risk taking, impulsivity, irresponsibility
3 (Final) questions and answers
describe the causes of paranoid PD - - biological and psychological contributions are unclear
- early learning that the world is a dangerous place
- evidence unclear whether it is a variant of psychotic disorder; research suggests "no" describe the treatment options for paranoid PD - - few seek professional help on their own
- treatment focuses on development of trust
- cognitive therapy to counter negativistic thinking
- lack good outcome studies describe the overview and clinical features of schizoid PD - - pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships
- not interested in close relationships
- little interest in sexual feelings
- no close friends different to praise or criticism
3 (Final) questions and answers
- very limited rang of emotions in interpersonal situations
- takes pleasure in few things
- flattened affectivity - appear cold, detached describe the causes of schizoid PD - - etiology is unclear
- preference for social isolation resembles autism; extreme variant of shyness/introversion describe the treatment options for schizoid PD - - few seek professional help on their own
- focus on the value of interpersonal relationships
- building empathy and social skills
- lack good outcome studies describe the overview and clinical features of schizotypal PD - - odd and unusual behavior, appearance, and cognition
- most are socially isolated high suspicious (paranoid)
- magical thinking, ideas if reference, and illusions
- unusal perceptual experiences
3 (Final) questions and answers
- must be evidence of conduct disorder before age 15 describe the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder
- similar contracts, operationalized differently (personality traits vs. behavior)
- asymmetrical: 90% iof crimiinal psychopaths meets the criteria for APD
- 20-30% inmates with APD also meet the criteria for psychopathy describe the relation with conduct disorder and early behavior problems in antisocial PD - - early histories of behavioral problems (ex: conduct disorder)
- families with inconsistent parental discipline and support
- families have histories pf criminal and violent behavior (evidence of a genetic impact on criminality and APD)
- ADHD and conduct disorder may be a "recipe" for later psychopathy list the prevailing neurobiological theories of antisocial PD - - brain damage (little support for this view)
- underarousal hypothesis (cortical arousal is too low)
- cortical immaturity hypothesis (cortex is not fully developed)
- fearlessness hypothesis (fail to respond to danger cues)
3 (Final) questions and answers
- grays models of behavioral inhibitions and acivation
- response modulation difficulties describe the treatment of antisocial PD - - few seek treatment on their own; tend to externalize blame
- antisocial behavior is predictive of poor prognosis
- emphasis is placed on prevention rehabilitation
- often incarceration is the only viable alternative describe the criteria for borderline PD - there is a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by 5 (or more) symptoms list the symptoms of borderline PD - 1. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization an devaluation
- identity disturbance: marked and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self
3 (Final) questions and answers
Describe the biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder. - - emotionally vulnerable individual (excessive reaction to stress, long recovery rat following stressor)
- invalidating environment (broadly conceived; being told feeling aren't oaky or reasonable, being told perceptions are wrong; physical or sexual abuse - invalidates one's autonomy, sense of boundaries, privacy) describe the treatment options for borderline personality disorder - - few good treatment outcome studies
- antidepressant medications (some short term relief)
- antipsychotic (reduces aggression)
- dialectal behavior therapy (DBT): most promising treatment
- group therapy: interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance/reality acceptance skills, emotion regulation, and mindfulness
- individual therapy: deal with problems of past week and therapy interfering behaviors describe the overview and clinical features of histrionic PD - - overly dramatic, sensational and sexually proactive
- impulsive and need to be the center pf attention
3 (Final) questions and answers
- thinking and emotions are perceives as shallow
- common diagnosis in females describe the causes of histrionic PD - - elitology is largely unknown
- sex-types variant of antisocial personality (variant of narcisstric pd) describe the treatment options of histrionic PD - - focus on attention seeking/long term consequences
- addresses problematic interpersonal behaviors
- little evidence that treatment is effective describe the overview and clinical features of narcissistic PD - - exaggerated/unreasonable sense of self-importance
- preoccupation with receiving attention
- lack sensitivity and compassion for other people
- sensitive to criticism, envious, and arrogant
- mainly causes social impairment. mildly distressing over time but secondary to impairment but causes
