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Abnormal Psychology Exam 4 Questions & Answers., Exams of Abnormal Psychology

DeVry University - ArizonaAbnormal Psychology

At what age can a person receive a diagnosis of a personality disorder? - Cluster B - 'Dramatic" personality disorders include which disorders? Cluster C - Anxious personality disorders include which disorders?

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 03/27/2024

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Abnormal Psychology Exam 4
Questions & Answers.
At what age can a person receive a diagnosis of a personality disorder? - Correct
Answer 18
Cluster B - 'Dramatic" personality disorders include which disorders? - Correct Answer
Include disorders that involve erratic behavior, emotions, etc
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histronic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Cluster C - Anxious personality disorders include which disorders? - Correct Answer
Include disroders that involve anxious/fearful behavior. The floowing have limited
research
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependant Personality Disorder
Obsessiveness Compulsive Personality Disorder
Cluster A - The "Odd" personality disorders include which disorders? - Correct Answer
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypial Personality Disorder
What are the defining characteristics of antisocial personality disorder? - Correct
Answer • (REQUIREMENT) Evidence of conduct disorder onset before 15
• Lack of remorse for what they affect on others
• Aggressiveness
• Disregard for own safety and the safety of others
• Deceitful, history of repeated lying
• Failure to conform to social norms (steal, conning, anything that could get hem
arrested
• Impulsivity (failures to plan ahead)
Is APD more common in men or women? - Correct Answer Men; four tiems as likely
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Abnormal Psychology Exam 4

Questions & Answers.

At what age can a person receive a diagnosis of a personality disorder? - Correct Answer 18 Cluster B - 'Dramatic" personality disorders include which disorders? - Correct Answer Include disorders that involve erratic behavior, emotions, etc Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Histronic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cluster C - Anxious personality disorders include which disorders? - Correct Answer Include disroders that involve anxious/fearful behavior. The floowing have limited research Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependant Personality Disorder Obsessiveness Compulsive Personality Disorder Cluster A - The "Odd" personality disorders include which disorders? - Correct Answer Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypial Personality Disorder What are the defining characteristics of antisocial personality disorder? - Correct Answer • (REQUIREMENT) Evidence of conduct disorder onset before 15

  • Lack of remorse for what they affect on others
  • Aggressiveness
  • Disregard for own safety and the safety of others
  • Deceitful, history of repeated lying
  • Failure to conform to social norms (steal, conning, anything that could get hem arrested
  • Impulsivity (failures to plan ahead) Is APD more common in men or women? - Correct Answer Men; four tiems as likely

What % of the prison population fits criteria for APD? - Correct Answer High in prisons; 30% When are APD symptoms likely to decrease? - Correct Answer At the age of 40 What disorders are typically comorbid with APD? - Correct Answer alcohol dependency and other substance related disorders Be familiar with the different theoretical explanations for APD (psychodynamic, behavioral, biological) - Correct Answer Psychodynamic i. Absence of parental love which leads to a lack of basic trust Behavioral i. Antisocial symptoms may be learned through modeling/unintentional reinforcement Biological i. Evidence of a genetic contribution ii. Neurotransmitters have an affect on impulsivity and aggression

  1. lack of serotonin
  2. deficient functioning in the frontal lobes
  3. Low anxiety/arousal levels which increases the change to take risks What are the defining characteristics of borderline personality disorder? - Correct Answer A persuasive trait of instability in relationships, self image, and emotions. Marked with impulsivity beginning early in adult hood. Must exhibit 5 of the following.
  • Frantic attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
  • Unstable interpersonal relationships
  • Identify disturbance (unstable self image)
  • Impulsivity in at least 2 dangerous areas
  • Unstable emotions and moods
  • Reoccurring suicidal behavior
  • Inappropriate and intense anger
  • Stress related paranoia Is BPD more common in men or women? - Correct Answer Women How common are suicide attempts in BPD? How about completed suicides? - Correct Answer They are both common in people with BPD 70% for SA, 8-10% for CS Be familiar with the different theoretical explanations for this disorder (psychodynamic, behavioral, biological, sociocultural) - Correct Answer Psychodynamic: i. an lack of early acceptance or abuse/neglect by the parents (some support) linked to early sexual abuse Biological i. People with close relative with BPD are 5 times as likely to have it

What are the major theoretical explanations for HPD. - Correct Answer Psychodynamic i. Unhealthy relationships. Experience with cold parents who make them feel unloved and fearing abandonment Cognitive i. People with HPD feel that they cannot care for themselves Sociocultural i. Caused in part by cultural norms and expectations ii. Exaggeration of femininity People with this often seek treatment Know the defining characteristics of avoidant personality disorder. - Correct Answer People with this are uncomfortable and inhibited by social situations. They believe that they are inferior and have little to no friends. Must exhibit four of the following: i. Avoid occupational activities with significant interpersonal contact ii. Unwilling to get involved with others until its certain they they'll be liked iii. Shows restriction in relationshipss iv. Preoccupied with receive negative attention or critized v. Inhbitied of new interpersonal problems Due to feelings of inadequate vi. Feels socially inept vii. Reluctant to try new activities and personal risks Is Avoidant Personality Disorder more common among men or women? - Correct Answer Men are more likely What are the explanations for avoidant personality disorder? - Correct Answer Psychodynamic (supported by studies) i. General sense of shame in people with this disorder ii. Shame can be traced back to early toilet training days Cognitive (supported by studies) i. In early childhood, they have experienced harsh criticism and expect people to always treat them negatively Behavioral i. Fail to develop normal social skills What appear to be the best treatments for avoidant personality disorder? - Correct Answer Group therapy with focus on cognitive-behavioral treatments Antianxiety and Antidepressants work too What are the defining symptoms of dependent personality disorder? - Correct Answer They must exhibit 5 of the following:

i. Difficulty making everyday decisions without constant advice/reassurance ii. Needs others to assume responsibility for most areas of their life iii. Difficulty disagreeing with other due to losing their support iv. Difficulty initiating projects alone due to low self confidence v. Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support of others. May do unpleasant things to be liked vi. Urgently seeks another relationship if one ends vii. Unrealistically preoccupied with fear of being left to care for them self Is DPD more common among men or women? - Correct Answer equal in men and women How do theorists explain Dependant personality disorder? - Correct Answer Psychodynamic i. Similar to depression ii. Unresolved oral stage and a lifelong need for nurturance iii. Early parental loss/rejection may leave child with abandonment issues iv. Parents were over-involved and over protective (increasing the child dependency) Cognitive i. Two maladaptive attitudes that main this disorder

  1. "I'm too inadequate to handle this world by myself"
  2. "In order to cope, I need someone to protect me" Behavioral i. Parents unintentionally reward their child's clingy behavior while pushing away their independence Why can DPD be difficult to treat? - Correct Answer They may start skipping treatments sessions Is treatment typically helpful for people with DPD - Correct Answer For the most part i. Psychodynamic treatment: focuses on DPD as if it were depression ii. Cognitive-behavioral treatment: helps clients challenge their assumptions of incompetence and helplessness iii. Antidepressive drugs: helpful if the disorder is accompanied by depression iv. Group therapy: allows them to receive support from other members facing this disorder How is OC personality disorder different from OCD? - Correct Answer It doesn't focus on compulsions or obsessions Are OCD and OCPD typically related? - Correct Answer Both fixated on the anal stage Is OCPD more common among men or women? - Correct Answer More common in men

i. Early interactions with demanding parents

  1. Rigid, distant father and over controlling, rejecting mothers
  2. Learn the world is a hostile place Cognitve
  3. overcome by maladaptive assumptions like "people are evil and will kill you if they have the chance" Biological
  4. May be genetic. Support through twin studies What are the defining symptoms of schizoid personality disorder? - Correct Answer 4 or more of the following: i. Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships (including family) ii. Almost always choose solitary activates iii. Little, if any, interest in sexual experiences iv. Takes pleasure in few activtes v. Lacks close friends (except for family vi. Appears indifferent to praise/criticism vii. Show emotional coldness, deatttchment, cold affect Is Schizoid PD more common in men or women? - Correct Answer Men What is the cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder? - Correct Answer Suffer from decifiencies in their thinking. Tend to be vague and empty and are unsuccessful when scanning the environments for accurate perceptions What behavioral techniques are used in therapy for schzoid personality disorder? - Correct Answer Cognitvive: thinking about emotions Behavioral: teaching of socail skills Group therapy works well too What is the psychodynamic explaination for schizoid personality disorder? - Correct Answer link schizoid personality disorder to an unsatisified need for human contact. Parents are unaccepting and abusive to their children. Know the symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder. - Correct Answer 5 or more of the following: Ideas of reference Odd beliefs and magical thinking that influce behavioral and are inconsistient with their culture (clarivoyance, sixth sense, telepathy) Unusual perception or paranoid ideation Inappriate or restricited affect

Behavior or apperance that is odd or eccentric lack close friends or confidants (besides family) Excesive social anxiety that does not dimish with increasing famliarity (Focused on paranoid self image) What are biological hypotheses regarding schizotypal personality disorder? - Correct Answer They believe the affects that affect schzophrenia are at work in Schizotypal PD. They also belive that high dopamine level occur in Schizotypal PD too How have medications been used with Schizotypal personalty disorder? - Correct Answer Antipsychotic drugs Which disorders are most associated with relationship problems? - Correct Answer Borderline Personality Disorder What disorders are associated with psychotic symptoms during times of great stress? - Correct Answer Borderline personality disorder Which disorders are most frequently associated with intimate terrorism (couples violence) and child abuse? - Correct Answer Schizoid personality disorder and borderline personality disorder

  1. Which disorder is most associated with perfectionism? - Correct Answer Obsessive compulsive personality disorder What are some of the criticism of the current DSM with regard to personality disorders?
  • Correct Answer Some disorders like APD, BPD, and other require that the patients have a certain number of symptoms. If a patients deosnt have the certain number (ex: 3 for APD, 5 for BPD) they cant recieve treatment. How might the Big 5 be used to classify personality? - Correct Answer Having differnt levels of each of the 5 types can indicate a certain personality What are the Big 5? - Correct Answer 1. Openess
  1. Conscietousness
  2. Extraversion
  3. Agreeiblness
  4. Neurotism Which personality disorders are least associated with self absorption? - Correct Answer Any that arent HPD Which disorders are more common in men? - Correct Answer APD PPD Avoidant PD OCPD

What is Munchausen syndrome by proxy? What is believed to underlie this syndrome? - Correct Answer The parents of children intentionally abuse their child to receive support and attention for the efforts to help their child

  1. Know the symptoms of hypochondriasis. - Correct Answer a. Persistent fear of having a serious illness due to misinterprestion of their body b. Persistence continues even after medical reassurance c. Persistence causes distress and impairment d. Must last for 6 months or more Is hypocdondriasis more common among men or women? - Correct Answer Equal in both Know the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. - Correct Answer i. Preoccupation in a defect in appearance ii. The defect is minor or imagined iii. Preoccupation causes distress and/or impairment iv. Spends hours a day worrying about the defect v. Not explained by other mental disorders Is body dysmorphic disorder more common among men or women? - Correct Answer Equal in both What is the suicide rate like for body dysmorphic disorder? - Correct Answer High Which disorder (in this group of disorders) is most associated with child abuse? - Correct Answer Munchausen syndrome by proxy
  2. How do psychodynamic theorists explain somatoform disorders? - Correct Answer Underlying emotional conflict and unresolved childhood issues
  3. How are primary and secondary gain defined? Given an example, be able to identify primary and secondary gain. - Correct Answer a. Primary gain: symptoms allow someone to keept unconfortble moment from reaching their awareness i. Example: a swimmer's arm cramps to prevent him from realizing that he is a bad swimmer b. Secondary gain:symptoms allow them to avoid unpelaseant activity and receive sympathy i. Swimmer skips swim practice and family comes to support him
  4. How do behavior theorists explain somatoform disorders? - Correct Answer Those who know more about a problem more readily show those symptoms How do Cognitive theorists explain somatoform disorders? - Correct Answer Express emotions through their physical symptoms

What is the multicultural view? - Correct Answer More common in non-western countries How do frequencies of somatoform disorders vary across cultures? - Correct Answer More common in non-western countries What is the biological view of somatoform disorders? - Correct Answer Our minds release chemical that can cause our physical symptoms How are somatoform disorders treated? - Correct Answer Treatments that work for anxiety disorders work well. Antidepressants too Which disorders are often treated with exposure and response prevention? - Correct Answer Body dysmorphic disorder Is confrontation typically a successful treatment strategy for the "hysterical" disorders? - Correct Answer Yes

  1. What is dissociative amnesia? - Correct Answer One or more episodes of someone not being able to recall information Not explained by another psychological disorder Causes significant impairment Know the difference between localized, selective and general amnesia. - Correct Answer Localized amnesia i. Cannot not recall events in a specific time period Selective amnesia i. Can recall some memories but not all of them in a specific time period General amnesia i. Cannot recall all of one's life What is continuous amnesia? - Correct Answer Cannot recall events from a specific time period and the present What is Symatized amnesia? - Correct Answer Loss of memory concerning certain catagories of information Be familiar with the symptoms of dissociative identity disorder. - Correct Answer a. Must have at least two distinct identies/personality states b. At least two of the personality states take control of the person's behavior c. Inability to recall important information d. Not due to a substance abuse or medical complication