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Psychology chapter 1 notes, Quizzes of Psychology

Institute of Business Administration (IBA)Psychology

Psychology chapter 1 mcqs the evolution

Typology: Quizzes

2022/2023

Uploaded on 09/20/2023

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1. Which two disciplines provided foundations for the field of psychology?
a. physiology and theology
b. physiology and sociology
c. philosophy and physiology
d. sociology and philosophy
ANSWER: c
2. Whiletheterm“psychology”hasexistedsinceatleasttheearly1700s,whendidpsychologycometobeconsidered
a science?
a. the 1750s
b. the early 1800s
c. the late 1800s
d. the 1940s
ANSWER: c
3. Whicheventmarkedthe“birth”ofpsychologyasascience?
a. Wilhelm Wundt established the first laboratory for psychological research.
b. Sigmund Freud first described the unconscious.
c. Charles Darwin published the theory of natural selection.
d. William James published the textbook Principles of Psychology.
ANSWER: a
4. How did Wilhelm Wundt define psychology?
a. the scientific study of the unconscious
b. the scientific study of conscious experience
c. the scientific study of behaviour
d. the scientific study of the brain
ANSWER: b
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the major contributions of G. Stanley Hall?
a. He established the first research laboratory for psychology in the United States.
b. He was the first president of the American Psychological Association.
c. He received the first Ph.D. in psychology in the United States.
d. He established the first American psychological journal.
ANSWER: c
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1
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Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology
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Download Psychology chapter 1 notes and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. Which two disciplines provided foundations for the field of psychology? a. physiology and theology b. physiology and sociology c. philosophy and physiology d. sociology and philosophy ANSWER: c
  2. While the term “psychology” has existed since at least the early 1700s, when did psychology come to be considered a science? a. the 1750s b. the early 1800s c. the late 1800s d. the 1940s ANSWER: c
  3. Which event marked the “birth” of psychology as a science? a. Wilhelm Wundt established the first laboratory for psychological research. b. Sigmund Freud first described the unconscious. c. Charles Darwin published the theory of natural selection. d. William James published the textbook Principles of Psychology. ANSWER: a
  4. How did Wilhelm Wundt define psychology? a. the scientific study of the unconscious b. the scientific study of conscious experience c. the scientific study of behaviour d. the scientific study of the brain ANSWER: b
  5. Which of the following is NOT one of the major contributions of G. Stanley Hall? a. He established the first research laboratory for psychology in the United States. b. He was the first president of the American Psychological Association. c. He received the first Ph.D. in psychology in the United States. d. He established the first American psychological journal. ANSWER: c

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Who was the psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States, founded the first American psychological journal, and was the first president of the American Psychological Association? a. John Watson b. G. Stanley Hall c. William James d. Wilhelm Wundt ANSWER: b
  2. Which school of psychology stated that the task of psychology is to analyze conscious experience into its basic elements? a. functionalism b. psychoanalysis c. behaviourism d. structuralism ANSWER: d
  3. What did both Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener believe should be the focus of psychology? a. observable behaviour b. the function or purpose of consciousness c. unconscious determinants of behaviour d. basic elements of conscious experience ANSWER: d
  4. Which technique would you be using if you take a sip of a soft drink and concentrate on what you are experiencing (cold, bubbly, sweet, etc.)? a. empiricism b. behaviourism c. introspection d. functionalism ANSWER: c
  5. What technique would you be using if, while watching a sunset, you stop and analyze your sensations, thoughts, and feelings? a. behaviourism b. introspection c. psychoanalysis d. functionalism ANSWER: b

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Which school of psychology had a practical focus and was interested in how people adapted their behaviour to the demands of the world? a. functionalism b. behaviourism c. psychoanalysis d. structuralism ANSWER: a
  2. Which individual is associated with the concept of “stream of consciousness”? a. William James b. Wilhelm Wundt c. Sigmund Freud d. John Watson ANSWER: a
  3. Two scientists from another planet, Poz and Zog, visit earth and are attempting to study our computers. Poz focuses on how the computer is used for work and for play, while Zog concentrates on the construction of each component of the computer. If you were to compare their approaches to the original schools of psychology, which of the following analogies is most accurate? a. Poz’s approach is similar to functionalism. b. Zog’s approach is similar to behaviourism. c. Zog’s approach is similar to psychoanalysis. d. Poz’s approach is similar to structuralism. ANSWER: a
  4. Which of the following most accurately describes the enduring influence of structuralism and functionalism on psychology today? a. Neither structuralism nor functionalism exerted a long-lasting influence on psychology. b. Both structuralism and functionalism exerted equivalent influences on psychology. c. Structuralism has exerted the greatest influence on psychology. d. Functionalism has exerted the greatest influence on psychology. ANSWER: d
  5. Who is known as the founder of behaviourism? a. John Watson b. Carl Rogers c. Wilhelm Wundt d. Sigmund Freud ANSWER: a

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. How did John Watson define psychology? a. the scientific study of the brain b. the scientific study of the unconscious c. the scientific study of behaviour d. the scientific study of conscious experience ANSWER: c
  2. Which school of psychology made a clear distinction between observable behaviours and unobservable thoughts and feelings? a. functionalism b. behaviourism c. psychoanalysis d. structuralism ANSWER: b
  3. What did John Watson believe should be the focus of psychology? a. unconscious determinants of behaviour b. observable behaviour c. basic elements of conscious experience d. the function or purpose of consciousness ANSWER: b
  4. Which psychological approach is often referred to as stimulus-response (S-R) psychology? a. psychoanalytic theory b. structuralism c. evolutionary psychology d. behaviourism ANSWER: d
  5. If Dr. Meharry is a behaviourist, which of the following would he most likely say is the cause of a child’s disruptive behaviour in school? a. a combination of his genetic inheritance and his prior experiences b. his prior experiences c. his genetic inheritance d. a learning disability ANSWER: b

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. What did Sigmund Freud believe prevented us from being totally in control of our own minds? a. the physiological functioning of our bodies b. environmental influences acting on us c. the unconscious d. introspection ANSWER: c
  2. Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons that psychoanalysis was controversial when it was first developed? a. its focus on the unconscious b. its lack of experimental research c. its emphasis on sexual issues d. its focus on abnormal behaviour ANSWER: d
  3. Which of the following statements is most accurate, regarding experimental psychology’s eventual reaction to psychoanalytic theory? a. Psychoanalytic theory was rejected by experimental psychologists. b. Psychoanalytic theory was accepted by experimental psychologists. c. Experimental psychologists began to reject behaviourism. d. Experimental psychologists tested psychoanalytic hypotheses. ANSWER: d
  4. Which school of psychology is associated with B.F. Skinner? a. humanism b. behaviourism c. psychoanalysis d. functionalism ANSWER: b
  5. Which of the following behaviourists was known for his concept of radical behaviourism? a. B. F. Skinner b. Ivan Pavlov c. Edward Thorndike d. John B. Watson ANSWER: a

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Which psychologist believed that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes? a. Sigmund Freud b. F. Skinner c. William James d. Carl Rogers ANSWER: b
  2. According to B. F. Skinner, if you study “extra hard” for your first psychology midterm and earn an “A,” what would you do for your next psychology midterm? a. reduce your study time by approximately 50 percent b. continue to study “extra hard” c. devote all of your study time to your other courses d. reduce your study time by approximately 25 percent ANSWER: b
  3. If you wish to teach a child to pick up his toys, which of the following theorist’s principles and techniques would be most useful? a. Wilhelm Wundt b. William James c. B. F. Skinner d. Abraham Maslow ANSWER: c
  4. Lisa taught her son to buckle his seatbelt quickly after getting into the car by allowing him to play one of his CDs on the car stereo only after he was buckled up. Which school of psychology would most endorse this method? a. cognitive psychology b. humanism c. biological psychology d. behaviourism ANSWER: d
  5. Which of the following statements would Skinner most likely disagree with? a. Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes. b. Organisms tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes. c. All behaviour is governed by external consequences. d. Individuals have free will. ANSWER: d

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Which of the following would both Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow agree with? a. People have a basic need to fulfill their potential for personal growth. b. Human behaviour is entirely shaped by environmental events. c. People are controlled by genetic forces and do not tend to change across the life span. d. Human behaviour is largely determined by primitive sexual urges. ANSWER: a
  2. Imagine that you are a psychologist, and your major goal is to help people reach their potential. Which school of psychology do you endorse with that statement? a. structuralism b. humanism c. psychoanalysis d. behaviourism ANSWER: b
  3. Where was the first experimental psychology laboratory in Canada established? a. University of Toronto b. Dalhousie University c. University of Alberta d. McGill University ANSWER: a
  4. When did psychology become a popular subject in universities in Canada? a. 1820s b. 1850s c. 1920s d. 1950s ANSWER: b
  5. What is the focus of applied psychology? a. pure science research b. unique qualities of people c. practical problems d. mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge ANSWER: c

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Tracey is conducting research on children’s learning styles, and her research is used to help create new teaching activities in daycare centres. Which category would Tracey’s research fit into best? a. clinical psychology b. applied psychology c. behaviourism d. functionalism ANSWER: b
  2. Which area of psychology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders? a. applied psychology b. clinical psychology c. medical psychology d. research psychology ANSWER: b
  3. Which of the following major historical events influenced the development of psychology as a profession? a. World War II b. the Cold War of the 1950s c. World War I d. the Great Depression of the 1930s ANSWER: a
  4. What did many psychologists begin to specialize in after World War II? a. clinical psychology b. experimental psychology c. industrial psychology d. research psychology ANSWER: a
  5. Which type of psychology best categorizes the research on bullying described in the Featured Study? a. behavioural psychology b. cognitive psychology c. experimental psychology d. applied psychology ANSWER: d

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Which psychological perspective emerged in the 1950s and 1960s and reflected a renewed interest in the study of the physiological bases of behaviour? a. the philosophical perspective b. the biological perspective c. the mental perspective d. the cognitive perspective ANSWER: b
  2. Which of the following psychological perspectives is most likely to focus on the interrelations among the mind, body, and behaviour? a. the biological perspective b. the cognitive perspective c. the behavioural perspective d. the evolutionary perspective ANSWER: a
  3. According to the biological perspective, what must psychologists focus on in order to fully understand behaviour? a. the interrelations among the mind, body, and behaviour b. internal mental events c. the adaptive value of a behaviour d. the role of the unconscious ANSWER: a
  4. Which of the following is partly responsible for Donald Hebb’s tremendous impact on the field of psychology? a. his discovery that the hemispheres of the brain are specialized for different tasks b. his collaborative work with Roger Sperry c. his focus on the study of children’s development d. his book The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory ANSWER: d
  5. Imagine that you are a graduate student in Montreal in the 1940s. You work under the supervision of a very influential researcher who published The Organization of Behavior, which provided an integrative approach to psychology. Which of the following are you likely to be researching? a. history and systems of psychology b. child development c. brain mechanisms of behaviour d. memory and problem solving ANSWER: c

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Which of the following represents a major focus of psychology in both the 19th century and now? a. the role of unconscious conflicts b. a focus on biological bases for behaviour c. identifying the smallest units of conscious experience d. striving for self-actualization ANSWER: b
  2. Which of the following is true of most research in psychology? a. The participants all experience the same experimental manipulation. b. The research focuses on similarities among age groups. c. The participants all come from the same cultural background. d. The research focuses on differences between nations. ANSWER: c
  3. Which of the following has become the most recent focus of attention for psychologists? a. unconscious mechanisms b. intelligence c. emotions d. culture ANSWER: d
  4. Which of the following is a psychologist who focuses attention on cultural diversity least likely to do? a. document differences among varying cultures b. test the generality of earlier findings to other cultures c. document similarities among varying cultures d. identify deficiencies in other cultures ANSWER: d
  5. Based on the results of the Featured Study on bullying in Canadian schoolyards, which of the following situations is most typical of bullying? a. A student is bullied in isolation by someone with a reputation for aggression. b. A group of students is bullied by a single individual. c. A group of students is bullied by a much older group of students. d. A student is bullied by someone, while other peers either take part or observe. ANSWER: d

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. In addition to being a science, what is the other aspect of the field of psychology, according to your textbook’s definition? a. career b. profession c. philosophy d. art ANSWER: b
  2. Which of the following is NOT included in your textbook’s definition of psychology? a. Psychology is a profession that solves practical problems. b. Psychology is a science. c. Psychology studies behaviour including physiological and cognitive processes. d. Psychology primarily studies the unconscious mind. ANSWER: d
  3. Approximately what percentage of psychologists work in colleges and universities? a. 10 percent b. 30 percent c. 50 percent d. 70 percent ANSWER: b
  4. Which of the following is NOT a major area of specialization in research psychology? a. industrial/organizational psychology b. social psychology c. personality psychology d. psychometrics ANSWER: a
  5. What are currently the two largest areas of specialization in research-oriented psychology? a. clinical and counselling psychology b. developmental and clinical psychology c. social and counselling psychology d. developmental and social psychology ANSWER: d

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Which type of psychologist is concerned with changes in behaviour throughout the life span? a. a social psychologist b. a developmental psychologist c. a personality psychologist d. a cognitive psychologist ANSWER: b
  2. A newspaper article reported a study by a psychologist in which the attitudes of men and women toward traditional sex roles were studied. Which type of psychologist most likely conducted the study? a. a developmental psychologist b. a cognitive psychologist c. a social psychologist d. a counselling psychologist ANSWER: c
  3. Which area of research specialization in psychology studies many of the traditional topics in psychology (such as sensation, learning, and motivation)? a. psychometrics b. experimental psychology c. cognitive psychology d. educational psychology ANSWER: b
  4. Jane’s thyroid gland has become inactive, and, as a result, she is becoming lethargic and has gained weight. Which branch of psychology would include studies on these sorts of effects? a. medical psychology b. physiological psychology c. experimental psychology d. clinical psychology ANSWER: b
  5. Which of the following would be most interesting to a psychologist who specializes in psychometrics? a. the development of techniques to monitor the functioning of the nervous system b. explaining development across the life span c. the development of psychological tests to measure intelligence or personality traits d. conducting psychotherapy in a clinical setting ANSWER: c

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. As the result of a breakdown in communication, morale is low among employees in a local factory. Which type of psychologist would be most likely to be helpful in restoring communication and improving morale? a. a clinical psychologist b. a social psychologist c. an educational psychologist d. an industrial/organizational psychologist ANSWER: d
  2. Which of the following professionals is a medical doctor? a. a physiological psychologist b. a clinical psychologist c. a psychiatrist d. a counselling psychologist ANSWER: c
  3. Which of the following professionals could provide a prescription for antidepressant medication? a. a physiological psychologist b. a clinical psychologist c. a psychiatrist d. a counselling psychologist ANSWER: c
  4. Your textbook describes seven unifying themes that provide continuity throughout psychology. What are the two primary divisions of those themes? a. psychology as a way of studying behaviour; the things that influence behaviour b. psychology as a science; psychology utilizes theories c. psychology as a science; psychology as a profession d. psychology studies behaviour; people are subjective ANSWER: a
  5. Consider your textbook’s unifying theme that “psychology is empirical.” What does this theme imply that psychologists base their conclusions on? a. logical reasoning b. direct observations c. speculation d. common sense ANSWER: b

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology

  1. Which of the following premises means that knowledge should be acquired through observation? a. philosophy b. empiricism c. subjectivity d. introspection ANSWER: b
  2. Which of your text’s unifying themes is emphasized by John Watson’s proposal that psychology should study only observable behaviours and not consciousness? a. Behaviour is influenced by multiple causes. b. Psychology should use theories. c. Psychology should be empirical. d. People’s experience of the world is highly subjective. ANSWER: c
  3. What is a theory? a. the premise that knowledge should be acquired through logical reasoning b. a statement of fact that describes a set of observations c. the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation d. a system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations ANSWER: d
  4. What does a scientist use to explain a set of observations? a. introspection b. a theory c. common sense d. empiricism ANSWER: b
  5. Which of the following is implied by your textbook’s unifying theme that “psychology is theoretically diverse”? a. Psychology has not, as yet, focused on empirical observations. b. Psychology values all opinions, and treats different views as equally valid. c. Psychology can only be described as a social science, rather than a pure science. d. There are often several ways to interpret a set of observations. ANSWER: d

Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology