NAME: JEBRYLINNE DAWN M. MONTAÑEZ DATE SUBMITTED: MARCH 29, 2021
COURSE, YEAR, AND SECTION: BS PSYCHOLOGY 1A
1. What are the Schools of thoughts in Psychology? Define each school and explain.
• The Schools of thoughts in Psychology are the following;
o Structuralism vs Functionalism
o Behaviorism
o Psychoanalysis
o Human Psychology
o Gestalt Psychology
o Cognitive Psychology
❖ Structionalism vs Functionalism – Structuralism was the first school of
psychology, and it focused on breaking down mental processes into their most
fundamental components. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener are some of
the major structuralist thinkers. The structuralists used techniques such as
introspection to analyze the inner processes of the human mind. Functionalism
developed as a reaction to the theories of the structuralist school of thought and
was heavily influenced by William James' work. It functioned on the mind's
functions and adaptations. Unlike some of the other well-known schools of
thought in psychology, functionalism is not associated with a single dominant
theorist. John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey Carr were associated as
functionalist thinkers.
❖ Behaviorism – Behaviorism became the dominant school of thought during the
1950s. Based upon the work of thinkers such as John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and
B. F. Skinner, behaviorism holds that all behavior can be explained by
environmental causes, rather than by internal forces. Behaviorism is focused on
observable behavior. Theories of learning including classical conditioning and
operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research. The behavioral
school of psychology had a significant influence on the course of psychology, and
many of the ideas and techniques that emerged from this school of thought are
still widely used today. Behavioral training, token economies, aversion therapy,
and other techniques are frequently used in psychotherapy and behavior
modification programs.
