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Car - Car - Car - Car
Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research
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차체에 설치한 engine 의 동력을 이용하여 레일(궤도)에 의하지 않고 노상, 산야, 하천 등
body( 차체
chassis( 샤시
승용차와 버스에서 body와 chassis를 구분하지 않는 일체식을 많이 적용
BMW i3 & i
Saab
Chassis
such as trucks and some sport utility vehicles (SUVs))
but increasing numbers of SUVs are also being converted to automobile-style unibody
frames, and the market is also shifting from SUVs to crossover SUVs
mass-market manufacturers Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are abandoning true
body-on-frame SUVs, opting for cheaper-to-produce unibody construction
Toyota currently manufactures the most body-on-frame SUVs with the 4Runner, FJ
Cruiser, Land Cruiser and Sequoia followed by Nissan with the Armada, Patrol & Xterra
Ford Panther platform, which was discontinued in 2011, was the last series of traditional
passenger cars to be built in this manner
an intermediate to full monocoque construction was the 'semi-monocoque' used by the
Volkswagen Beetle & Renault 4 − these used a lightweight separate chassis made from
pressed sheet steel panels forming a 'platform chassis', to give the benefits of a traditional
chassis, but with lower weight & greater stiffness − both of these chassis were used for
several different models −
Volkswagen made use of the bodyshell for structural strength
as well as the chassis →
hence 'semi-monocoque'
Lincoln Town Car dominates the American limousine market because it is the last
American luxury car made with body-on-frame & is therefore easily lengthened for livery
work − with the Town Car discontinued since 2011, the de facto replacement is the
Lincoln Navigator
has a rigid frame − independent component that is not welded to any other component
components − bolted to the frame
rubber mounts − mounted between the frame & the components to absorb noise &
vibration and prevent them from being felt by the driver and passengers
chassis parts −
bolt to a strong per i
meter frame
body − bolts to this thick steel frame
no separate frame
composed of about 300 stamped-steel (occasionally, aluminum) parts that are shaped &
welded together to provide body support & strength
weight is lower by as much as 40% & fuel economy is higher than in the body-over-frame
construction, but its strength & crash-resistance are lower
most small &dium-size cars use the unibody construction
frameless body 혹은 m o nocoque body
Chevrolet Colorado
safety-monocoque-body-frame
monocoque body with a built-in ladder frame
Mitsubishi Montero
monocoque construction − originates from aircraft − automobile design technique
that uses the exterior shell of the vehicle to provide structural support
today, a modified type of monococque construction − called “ unit body ” or unibody is
very popular
monocoque('single shell' in French) − construction technique that utilises the external skin
to support some or most of the load − opposed to using an internal frame or chassis that is
covered with cosmetic body panels
common to see monocoque construction in modern cars where the structural members
around the window and door frames are strengthened by folding the metal several times,
or building up the layers of carbon fiber on more exotic models
중소형 승용자동차에서 chassis frame 을 사용하지 않고, body에 필요한 강도와 강
성을 부여할 수 있도록 제작하여 body 에 직접 engine 과 동력전달장치 등 장치
chassis frame을 사용하는 형식에 비하여 차량 중량을 경감할 수 있으며, 실내 유효
space 를 넓게 할 수 있는 등의 장점이 있음
unibody vehicles − do not have a separate per i meter frame
chassis components − bolt directly to the unibody assembly
차량 주행시 노면에서 받는 진동이나 충격을 완화하기 위하여 → frame 혹은 body와
spring system
shock absorber
현가장치와 body(차체) 사이에 설치
body( 차체
damper 는
suspension system
차륜구동방식과 spring system 종류에 따라 여러가지 형식의 axle 또는 suspension
system 사용
시켜 제동작용을 하는 마찰식 brake가 가장 널리 사용
동력발생장치(power unit)
동력전달장치(drivetrain)
조향장치(steering system)
제동장치(brake system)
(suspension system)
주행장치(running system) - 샤시로부터 동력발생, 동력전달, 조향, 제동, 현가의 각 장
frame, wheeel 등
동력발생장치
(power plant)
차체(body)
엔진본체(engine block)
윤활장치(lubrication system)
연료장치(fuel system)
냉각장치(cooling system)
흡배기장치(intake and exhaust system)
시동, 점화, 충전장치(starting, ignition and charging system)
동력전달장치
(power train)
클러치(clutch)
변속기(transmission,transaxle)
추진축(propeller shaft)
종감속 차동장치(final reduction and differential gear)
차축(axle shaft)
샤시(chassis)
조향장치(steering system)
현가장치(suspension system)
제동장치(brake system)
최고속도 (maximum speed)
, km / h 로 나타냄
연료소비율 (rate of fuel consumption)
km /
(hill climbing ability)
sin
b
a
b
c
; 은정표, 신창선의 자동차 구조학 참조 − read
empty vehicle weight (공차차량중량)
maximum payload (최대적재량)
gross vehicle weight (차량총중량)
적차상태의 자동차의 중량 − 이경우 1 명의 중량은 55 kg 으로 함
distributed weight (배분중량)
weight distribution ratio ( 중량배분비
일반자동차의 경우, 타이어 접지부의 폭 1 cm 당의 중량( kgf/cm )으로 나타냄
overall length ( 전장
단 하대(rear body, 적재함)의 후부열림 등은 닫힌 상태로 하고 이때에 버스의 under
mirror는 동력전달에 포함시키지 않음
overall width (전폭)
단 하대(rear body, 적재함) 및 환기장치는 닫힌 상태로 하고, arm type flasher (완목식
overall height (전고)
wheel base (축거)
뒤차축의 중심과 rear body 바닥면의 중심과의 수평거리 − 그림에서 F
뒤차축이 2 축인 경우 − 2 축의 거리 중심과 rear body 바닥면의 중심과의 수평거리
rear body 중심이 뒤차축 중심보다 전방에 있는 경우는 정(+), 후방에 있는 경우는
overhang (자동차용어사전, 95년판)
front overhang과 rear overhang이
front overhang; 전륜중심에서 body 최단부까지의 거리 − bumper, hook 등 자동차에
rear overhang; 후륜중심에서 body 최후단부까지의 거리 − 견인장치, bumper 등
body overhang ; bumper 류를 제외한
body 최단부까지 거리
front overhang
bumper hook 등 자동차에 고정되어 있는 것은 모두 이 안에 포함
body 와
frame 으로 나누어지는 경우도 있으며
body
선단까지(bumper와 그 부속물을 제외)의 수평거리인 b 를 front body overhang
이라고 하며, 차축의 중심에서 bumper와 그 부속물을 포함하는 최선단까지의
수평거리 a 를 front frame overhang이라 함
rear overhang
bumper, 견인용 hook 등 자동차에 고정된 것은 모두 포함
이때에도 front overhang과 마찬가지로 frame과 body로 나누어 표시하는 경우가
minimum turning radius (최소회전반경)
R = where ( )
f
tan
tan
where
(tread)
f
buffer clearance
적차상태에서 현가부 stopper의