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These study notes by tim pilachowski cover improper integrals in calculus 221, focusing on the concepts of convergence and techniques such as substitution and parts. Various examples and their respective answers.
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Notes prepared by Tim Pilachowski
We continue working with improper integrals, moving beyond antiderivatives to integration by substitution and
→∞
b a (^) b a
f x dx lim f x dx. When the limit goes to a
particular number value, the improper integral is convergent. Otherwise, the improper integral is divergent.
∞
−
(^3 ) 2
dx x
x answer : divergent
Example O.
∞
−
3 2 2 2
dx x
x answer : converges to 14
1
∞ (^) − 0
xe^2 xdx 4
1
An improper integral will not always involve a limit going to +∞.
−∞
(^0 ) e dx x 2
1
Example R.
∞ − ∞ −
−
dx e
e x
x
2 1
answer : converges to 1
Examples S. Like previous experience with integration, you’ll need to choose the best method.
0
1 2 2
dx x
∞ e
dx x x 2 ln
∞ e
dx x
x 2
ln