Quick Punctuation Guide - Supervision - Lecture Slides, Slides of Business Management and Analysis

This lecture is from Supervision. Key important points are: Quick Punctuation Guide, Comma, Introductory Clauses and Phrases, Items in a Series, Incidental Comments, Appositives, Nonrestrictive, Authority Figures, Subordinate Clause, Coordinating`

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/31/2013

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Quick Punctuation Guide
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Quick Punctuation Guide

Comma

  • Use
    • before a coordinating conjunction linking main clauses
    • following introductory clauses and phrases
    • between items in a series
    • to set off incidental comments (appositives, nonrestrictive clauses)
    • when meaning is unclear without its use
    • when authority figures tell you to use one while you are writing for them

Semicolon

  • Use
    • instead of a coordinating conjunction between main clauses
    • to separate main groups of items in a list already using commas
  • Don't use
    • too frequently in the same document
    • between parts of unequal grammatical rank

Colon

  • Use
    • to connect explanation, details, or a quotation to a main clause
  • Don't use
    • more than one in a sentence
    • directly after prepositions or verbs unless you knowingly choose to violate the normal usage rules

Parentheses

  • Use
    • to insert nonessential material
    • to indicate citation
    • to introduce acronyms, abbreviations, etc.
  • Don't use
    • if the material can be better incorporated another way

Brackets

  • Use
    • to interpolate in quotations
    • as parentheses inside parentheses

Apostrophe

  • Use
    • to indicate possessive case for nouns and indefinite pronouns
    • to indicate omissions in contractions
    • to indicate plurals of odd words, acronyms, and numerals (opt.)
  • Don't use
    • to indicate possessive case for personal pronouns
    • to add an "s" for making standard words plural

Single Quotation Marks

  • Use
    • within double quotation marks or for unusual terms
  • Don't use
    • to pretend you're not really using a word you're using

Hyphens

  • Use *
    • to integrate words into a functional unit
    • when your keyboard lacks bullets to set off listed items

Prepositional Phrases

  • Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition, which can be a word or a phrase, and its object: - Prepositions Objects - according to Aristotle - because of jellyfishes' sensitivity - since the beginning - with regard to ecological studies - with the exception of white whales - throughout the article
  • Lists of prepositions can be found in any grammar book :
    • above,
    • around,
    • across,
    • below,
    • between,
    • by,
    • over,
    • past,
    • since,
    • throughout,
    • concerning,
    • despite,
    • etc.
  • Revising to avoid overuse of prepositional phrases makes the ideas and information - more readable, - easier to understand, and - easier to retain.
  • Consider using the object of the preposition as an adjective or converting the idea into a subordinate clause.