Rainwater Harvesting in India: A Comprehensive Guide, Slides of Environmental science

Download Rainwater Harvesting in India: A Comprehensive Guide and more Slides Environmental science in PDF only on Docsity!

Seminar on

Rain Water Harvesting

Presentation by:

Dr Heena V Sanghani

What is Rain Water Harvesting…?

• It is the activity of direct collection of rain

water during rainfall.

• Rain water can be stored for direct use or can

be recharged into the ground water aquifer.

Reasons for shortage of water in India…

• Population increase
• Industrialization
• Urbanization
• In places where rain fed/irrigation based crops are

cultivated through ground water

• Decrease in surface area of Lakes, talab, tanks etc.
• Deforestation

What is the solution…?

• Rain water is the ultimate source of fresh water.
• Potential of rain to meet water demand is tremendous.
• Rain water harvesting helps to overcome water scarcity.
• To conserve ground water the aquifers must be recharged

with rain water.

• Rain water harvesting is the ultimate answer.

Methodology for Rain Water Harvesting…

1. Rooftop rain water harvesting system
2. Ground & rock water harvesting system

Rainwater storage reservoir at Dholavira (Rann of

Kutch) – Harappan civilization (2500-1900 BC).

Catchment of rain water using plastic sheets…

Tankas of Bikaner, Barmer, Phalodi - Rajasthan

The slope provided for the rainwater to flow into the tanka …

Distribution and management of rain water…

Sr.

No. State Meteorological Divisions

Average annual

rainfall (mm)

11 Orissa Orissa 1,

12 Bihar

Bihar Plateau 1,

Bihar Plains 1,

13 Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh 1,

Plain of West Uttar Pradesh 896

Hills of West Uttar Pradesh 1,

14 Haryana Haryana, Chandigarh and Delhi 617

15 Delhi Haryana, Chandigarh and Delhi 617

16 Chandigarh Haryana, Chandigarh and Delhi 617

17 Punjab Punjab 649

18 Himachal Pradesh Himachal Pradesh 1,

19 Jammu and

Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir

20 Rajasthan

West Rajasthan 313

East Rajasthan 675

Sr.No. State Meteorological Divisions Average annual

• 21 Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh 1, rainfall (mm)
  • East Madhya Pradesh 1,
• 22 Gujarat Gujarat region 1, - Saurashtra and Kachchh
  • 23 Goa Konkan and Goa 3,
    • Konkan and Goa 3, 24 Maharashtra
    • Madhya Maharashtra
    • Marathwada
      • Vidarbha 1,
    • Coastal Andhra Pradesh 1, 25 Andhra Pradesh
    • Telengana
    • Rayalaseema
• 26 Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
  • 27 Pondicherry Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
    • Coastal Karnataka 3, 28 Karnataka
    • North Interior Karnataka
    • South Interior Karnataka 1,
• 29 Kerala Kerala 3,
• 30 Lakshadweep Lakshadweep 1,

Advantages of Rain Water Harvesting…

1. Provides self-sufficiency to water supply.

2. Reduces the cost for pumping of ground water.

3. Provides high quality water, soft and low in minerals.

4. Improves the quality of ground water through dilution when

recharged.

5. Reduces soil erosion & flooding in urban areas.

6. The rooftop rain water harvesting is less expensive & easy to

construct, operate and maintain.

7. In desert, Rain Water Harvesting is only relief.

8. In saline or coastal areas & Islands, rain water provides

good quality water.

Potential areas of Rain Water Harvesting…

• Where the ground water is levels are declining on regular

basis.

• Where the sustainable amount of aquifer has been de-

saturated.

• Where the availability of ground water is inadequate in lean

months.

• Where due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water

into subsoil has decreased drastically and recharging of ground

water has diminished.