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11. 12. 13. 14. 15. c. Maintaining state information and d. Routing and router failures Explain any four properties desirable in a routing algorithm Explain how folding can be used as a routing algorithm. What are the problems associated with it? How can they be prevented? Explain the salient features of the TCP header fields. Write short notes on any four. a. Need for ATM b. IP over ATM c. The leaky bucket algorithm d. IP addressing e. Subnetting. Explain the leaky bucket technique for policing, with an appropriate diagram. UNIT III TCP/IP 2 1. Explain the IP address classification. Identify the following IP addresses and their address class: a. 200.50.20.165. b. 128.167.23.20 co. 16.196.128.50 d. 150.156.10.10 Give the format of IPV6 basic header. Explain the importance Explain in detail, the operation of OSPF. Explain identification, flags and fragment offset field in the IP version 4 header. What is the need to change from IPV4 to IPV6? Write the IPV6 basic header and describe its fields. Describe how TCP establishes the connection using a three way handshake procedure. What is routing information protocol(RIP)? What is the maximum width of a RIP network? UNIT IV ATM NETWORKS Kb 16 Oot Seo ee Bec With a neat diagram explain the ATM cell header format write a short note on AALI explain the PNNI signaling with example. Give the structure of ATM cell header and details of QOS parameters What are the six QOS performance parameters in ATM? What is ATM adaptation layer type 1{44L1)? Describe the generic AAL1 process. Describe PNNI signaling with an example. What are the design goals of ATM? Briefly describe ATM layers Write short notes on: a. Management information base b. Cipher feedback concept cc. Leaky bucket vs. Token bucket algorithm d. SNMP 
