ECE 534 Spring 2008 Final Exam Questions and Solutions - Prof. Venugopal V. Veeravalli, Exams of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

The questions and solutions for the final exam of the ece 534 course in spring 2008. The exam covers topics such as probability theory, fourier transforms, markov chains, gaussian processes, and linear systems. Students are required to determine the truth of given statements, find stationary distributions, calculate means and autocorrelation functions, and solve optimization problems.

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ECE 534 Spring 2008
May 5, 2008
Final Exam
You have 2.5 hours to complete this exam.
Don’t forget to put your name on the answer booklet.
You are allowed 3 sheets of notes (8.5”×11”, both sides).
Calculators laptop computers, PDA’s, etc. are not permitted.
Maximum possible score is 90.
Neatness counts, especially for partial credit towards incorrect solutions.
You may find the following Fourier transform pairs to be useful:
eat11{t0}1
a+ and ea|t|2a
a2+ω2,for a > 0
1. (20 pts, equally weighted parts) True or False. Determine if the following statements are True or
False. You need to justify your answer clearly to get credit provide a short proof if you say the
statement is True, and a counter-example if you say the statement is False. Just stating “True”
or “False” without any justification will get zero credit.
(a) Suppose the joint characteristic function of the random variables X1and X2satisfies
ΦX1,X2(u1, u2) = 1
1j(u1+u2)u1u2
Then E[X1] = Var(X1) = 1.
(b) If Xand Yare random variables with finite second moments, then
E[(XE[X|Y])2]E[(Xˆ
E[X|Y, Y 2])2]
(c) If E[(XE[X|Y])2] = Var(X), then it is necessarily the case that Xand Yare independent.
(d) If Xis a non-negative random variable with mean 1, then E[log X]0.
(e) If {Xt}and {Yt}are jointly WSS processes, then the process {Zt}defined by Zt=XtYtis
also WSS.
(f) R(τ) = (1 |τ|)11{|τ|≤1}is a valid autocorrelation function for a WSS process.
(g) If the PSD of a WSS process {Xt}is given by SX(ω) = (1 |ω|)11{|ω|≤1}, then E[X2
t] = 1.
(h) If U1, U2,..., is a sequence i.i.d. Unif[0,1] random variables and Xn= max{U1,...,Un},
n1, then Xnconverges in probability as n .
(i) Suppose UUnif[0,1] and Xn= cos(2nπU ), n1, then Xnconverges in probability as
n .
c
V. V. Veeravalli, 2008 1
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ECE 534 Spring 2008

May 5, 2008

Final Exam

  • You have 2.5 hours to complete this exam.
  • Don’t forget to put your name on the answer booklet.
  • You are allowed 3 sheets of notes (8.5”×11”, both sides).
  • Calculators laptop computers, PDA’s, etc. are not permitted.
  • Maximum possible score is 90.
  • Neatness counts, especially for partial credit towards incorrect solutions.
  • You may find the following Fourier transform pairs to be useful:

e−at (^11) {t≥ 0 } ↔

a + jω and e−a|t|^ ↔ 2 a a^2 + ω^2 , for a > 0

  1. (20 pts, equally weighted parts) True or False. Determine if the following statements are True or False. You need to justify your answer clearly to get credit – provide a short proof if you say the statement is True, and a counter-example if you say the statement is False. Just stating “True” or “False” without any justification will get zero credit.

(a) Suppose the joint characteristic function of the random variables X 1 and X 2 satisfies

ΦX 1 ,X 2 (u 1 , u 2 ) =

1 − j(u 1 + u 2 ) − u 1 u 2

Then E[X 1 ] = Var(X 1 ) = 1. (b) If X and Y are random variables with finite second moments, then

E[(X − E[X|Y ])^2 ] ≤ E[(X − Eˆ[X|Y, Y 2 ])^2 ]

(c) If E[(X − E[X|Y ])^2 ] = Var(X), then it is necessarily the case that X and Y are independent. (d) If X is a non-negative random variable with mean 1, then E[log X] ≤ 0. (e) If {Xt} and {Yt} are jointly WSS processes, then the process {Zt} defined by Zt = XtYt is also WSS. (f) R(τ ) = (1 − |τ |)1 (^1) {|τ |≤ 1 } is a valid autocorrelation function for a WSS process. (g) If the PSD of a WSS process {Xt} is given by SX (ω) = (1 − |ω|)1 (^1) {|ω|≤ 1 }, then E[X t^2 ] = 1. (h) If U 1 , U 2 ,... , is a sequence i.i.d. Unif[0,1] random variables and Xn = max{U 1 ,... , Un}, n ≥ 1, then Xn converges in probability as n → ∞. (i) Suppose U ∼ Unif[0, 1] and Xn = cos(2nπU ), n ≥ 1, then Xn converges in probability as n → ∞.

  1. (12 pts) Consider a time-homogeneous discrete-time Markov chain {Xk : k ≥ 0 } with state space S = { 1 , 2 } and one-step probability transition matrix P given by

P =

[

]

(a) Find the stationary (equilibrium) distribution π. (b) Assuming that X 0 has the stationary distribution you found in part (a), find the joint dis- tribution of X 1 and X 2. (c) Let the continuous-time process {Yt : t ≥ 0 } be defined by

Yt = X 1 + tX 2 , t ≥ 0

Find the mean and autocorrelation function of {Yt}. (d) Is {Yt} m.s. differentiable? If so, find the mean and autocorrelation function of the derivative process {Y (^) t′ }?

  1. (14 pts) Let X 1 , X 2 ,... be i.i.d. Gaussian random variables with mean 1 and variance 1, i.e., Xk ∼ N (1, 1), and suppose

Yn =

∏^ n

k=

Xk, n = 1, 2 ,...

(a) Find Var(Yn), n ≥ 1. (b) Find E[Yn|Y 1 ,... , Yn− 1 ], n ≥ 1. (c) Find Eˆ[Yn|Y 1 ,... , Yn− 1 ], n ≥ 1. (d) Find the linear innovations sequence Y˜ 1 , Y˜ 2 ,... (e) For fixed m ≥ 1, let Z = (X 1 + · · · + Xm). Find the LMMSE estimate ˆE[Z|Y 1 ,... , Ym].

  1. (12 pts) Let {Xk : k ≥ 0 } be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with

P{Xk = − 1 } = P{Xk = 0} = P{Xk = 1} =

Now define a continuous time random process {Yt : t ≥ 0 } as follows:

  • {Yt} has continuous sample paths
  • Y 0 = 0 with probability 1.
  • On each interval [k, k + 1], {Yt} as slope equal to Xk.

(a) Show via a counterexample that {Yt} is not a Markov process. Hint: You may want to consider the samples Y 1 , Y 1. 5 and Y 2 in constructing this counterexample. (b) Determine whether or not {Yt} is a martingale. (c) Determine whether or not {Yt} is m.s. differentiable.