Download Academic Writing: A Comprehensive Guide to Effective Writing and more Lecture notes English in PDF only on Docsity!
A
Abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript or typescript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given academic paper or patent application. Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject. Academic Writing is a branch of the English language that deals with writing career and field oriented research papers, essays, reports, and theses. It is a different branch of the proverbial 'English' tree and stems out to address different issues. Appropriate Language Use refers to the acceptable style of language for a particular form of text. Article An article is a word that is used with a noun to specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, and in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in English grammar are the and a/an, and in certain contexts some. Article Critique also known as a response paper, is a formal evaluation of a journal article or another type of literary or scientific content. Your main goal is to show whether or not the author provided reasonable arguments and facts for their main points. B Book Review is a form of literary criticism in which a book is merely described (summary review) or analyzed based on content, style, and merit. A book review may be a primary source, opinion piece, summary review or scholarly review. ... A book review's length may vary from a single paragraph to a substantial essay. C
Cause and Effect Text is a common way to organize information in a text. Paragraphs structured as cause and effect explain reasons why something happened or the effects of something. ... The cause and effect text structure is generally used in expository and persuasive writing modes. Claim of Facts Attempt to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others. Express approval or disapproval or taste and morality. Make a judgment. Claim of Policy is an essay consisting of an argument that certain conditions should exist. These essays advocate adoption of policies or courses of action because problems have arisen that call for a solution. Claim of Value make a judgment--they express approval or disapproval, attempting to prove that some action, belief or condition is right or wrong, good or bad, beautiful or ugly, worthwhile or undesirable. ... Value claims about morality express judgments about the rightness or wrongness of conduct or belief. Classification-Exemplification Text Exemplification shows, proves, or explains a general idea or point by using examples. Classification refers to sorting or arranging subjects into groups or categories according to their common or shared characteristic. Creative Writing is any form of writing which is written with the creativity of mind: fiction writing, poetry writing, creative nonfiction writing and more. The purpose is to express something, whether it be feelings, thoughts, or emotions. ... When you write great fiction, poetry, or nonfiction, amazing things can happen. Critical Thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe. ... Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the following : understand the logical connections between ideas. identify, construct and evaluate arguments. Coherence and Cohesion Text
or conventions and mechanics, sometimes working from a specific prompt provided by a teacher. G Graphic Organizer is a visual and graphic display that depicts the relationships between facts, terms, and or ideas within a learning task. Graphic organizers are also sometimes referred to as knowledge maps, concept maps, story maps, cognitive organizers, advance organizers, or concept diagrams. I Introduction is a beginning section which states the purpose and goals of the following writing. This is generally followed by the body and conclusion. The introduction typically describes the scope of the document and gives the brief explanation or summary of the document. L Literature Review is a type of review article. A literature review is a scholarly paper, which includes the current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. M Main Idea is the point of the paragraph. It is the most important thought about the topic. ... The author can locate the main idea in different places within a paragraph. The main idea is usually a sentence, and it is usually the first sentence. The writer then uses the rest of the paragraph to support the main idea. Methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability. N Narration Text
is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration. O Opinion is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive. Organization of Text refers to how a text is organized to help readers follow and understand the information presented. There are a number of standard forms that help text organization when writing. This text organization guide will help you logically guide your readers through your text. Outline is a list arranged to show hierarchical relationships and is a type of tree structure. An outline is used to present the main points or topics of a given subject. Each item in an outline may be divided into additional sub-items. P Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation of them as one's own original work. Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics. Persuasion Text is any text where the main purpose is to present a point of view and seeks to persuade a reader. A persuasive text can be an argument, exposition, discussion, review or even an advertisement. Proofread is the process of reviewing the final draft of a piece of writing to ensure consistency and accuracy in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting. Prewriting
is the complex cognitive process of decoding symbols to derive meaning. It is a form of language processing. Research Question is a question that a research project sets out to answer. Choosing a research question is an essential element of both quantitative and qualitative research. Investigation will require data collection and analysis, and the methodology for this will vary widely. Good research questions seek to improve knowledge on an important topic, and are usually narrow and specific. Research Report is a document prepared by an analyst or strategist who is a part of the investment research team in a stock brokerage or investment bank. ... Research reports generally, but not always, have actionable recommendations such as investment ideas that investors can act upon. S Significance of the Study is written as part of the introduction section of a thesis. It provides details to the reader on how the study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it. It also includes an explanation of the work's importance as well as its potential benefits. Summary is a record in a reader's own words that gives the main points of a piece of writing such as a newspaper article, the chapter of a book, or even a whole book. ... A summary omits details, and does not include the reader's interpretation of the original. T Text is a large unit of written language. It is usually connected discourse. Thesis or dissertation is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings. ... The term graduate thesis is sometimes used to refer to both master's theses and doctoral dissertations. Thesis Statement
usually appears at the end of the introductory paragraph of a paper, and offers a concise summary of the main point or claim of the essay, research paper, etc. It is usually expressed in one sentence, and the statement may be reiterated elsewhere. It contains the topic and the controlling idea. Topic is a particular subject that you discuss or write about. Transitional Devices are words or phrases that help carry a thought from one sentence to another, from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to another. W Writing is a form of communication that allows students to put their feelings and ideas on paper, to organize their knowledge and beliefs into convincing arguments, and to convey meaning through well-constructed text. In its most advanced form, written expression can be as vivid as a work of art.
