Regulating the Cell Cycle: Controls, Cyclins, Regulatory Proteins, Apoptosis, and Cancer, Lecture notes of Cell Biology

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Lesson Overview

10.3 Regulating

the Cell Cycle

Controls on Cell Division

The controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off

The cell cycle is controlled by regulatory proteins both inside and outside the cell.

Regulatory Proteins

Internal regulators - proteins that respond to events inside a cell.

External regulators - proteins that respond to events outside the cell.

• speed up or slow down the cell cycle.

Growth factors - external regulators that stimulate the growth and division of cells. -important during embryonic development and healing.

Apoptosis

Apoptosis - programmed cell death.

• influences development by shaping the structure of tissues and organs in plants and animals.

A benign tumor is noncancerous. It does not spread.

A malignant tumor is cancerous. It spreads to other body parts.

The spread of cancer cells is called metastasis.

Cancer cells absorb nutrients needed by other cells, block nerve connections, and prevent organs from functioning.

What Causes Cancer?

• defects in genes that regulate cell growth and division. example: p53 gene
• Carcinogens – cancer causing substances
  • damage DNA causing gene defects
  • examples: smoking tobacco, radiation, viruses, chemicals