Reproduction in human Life sciences Grade 12, Summaries of Biology

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GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES

HUMAN REPRODUCTION STUDY BOOKLET

High-Quality Exam Preparation Notes Aligned for CAPS Includes Diagrams, Tips & Practice Questions

1. Overview of Human Reproduction

Human reproduction is sexual reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes.

1 Male gamete: Sperm

2 Female gamete: Ovum

3 Fertilisation produces a zygote

2. Male Reproductive System

1 Testes – produce sperm and testosterone

2 Scrotum – temperature control

3 Epididymis – stores sperm

4 Vas deferens – transports sperm

5 Seminal vesicle & prostate – add fluid

6 Penis – delivers sperm

Exam focus: Be able to label and describe functions.

3. Female Reproductive System

1 Ovaries – produce ova

2 Fallopian tubes – fertilisation site

3 Uterus – development of foetus

4 Endometrium – lining

5 Cervix – opening

6 Vagina – birth canal

Exam focus: Always mention fertilisation occurs in fallopian tube.

4. Menstrual Cycle

1 Menstruation (Days 1–5): shedding lining

2 Follicular phase: egg develops

3 Ovulation (Day 14): egg released

4 Luteal phase: uterus prepares

5. Fertilisation

Occurs in fallopian tube when sperm nucleus fuses with egg nucleus forming a zygote.