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PHYSICAL

RESEARCH

PROGRAM:

RESEARCH CONTRACTS^ AND

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

DIVISION OF^ PHYSICAL^ RESEARCH

July 1,^1974

UNITED STATES^ ATOMIC^ ENERGY^ COMMISSION

WASH-1188-

UC-

PHYSICAL

RESEARCH

PROGRAM:

RESEARCH CONTRACTS^ AND

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

DIVISION OF PHYSICAL^ RESEARCH

July 1, 1974

UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY^ COMMISSION

For sale by the^ Superintendent^ of^ Documents,^ U.S.^ Government^ Printing^ Offce,^ Washington,^ D.C.^20402 -^ Price^ $1.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page FOREWORD ........................................................^ i

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY STATISTICS ............................. 1

FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS

Listing of FFRDC's and their Principal Staff ............... 4 Costs and Manpower ......................................... 7 Argonne National Laboratory ................................ 8 Brookhaven National Laboratory ............................. 8 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory ............................... 8 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory ........................... 9 Oak Ridge National Laboratory .............................. 9 Pacific Northwest Laboratory ............................... 9 Other FFRDC's .............................................. 10

OFF-SITE CONTRACT-RESEARCH PROGRAM

Types and Terms of Contracts ............................... 11 Proposal Submission ........................................ 11 Summary Proposal and Contract Statistics ................... 12 Consolidated Manpower Statistics ........................... 14 Consolidated Budget of all Contracts ....................... 15 Summary of Contracts by State .............................. 16 Contract Listing: High Energy Physics ...................................^20 Nuclear Sciences ...................................... 23 Materials Sciences .................................... 27 Molecular Sciences .................................... 32

iii

INTRODUCTION AND^ SUMMARY^ STATISTICS

Approximately four-fifths of^ the^ total^ physical^ research^ program^ costs^ are^ associated^ with^ research conducted in AEC-owned, contractor^ (non-Federal)-operated,^ Federally^ Funded^ Research^ and^ Development Centers (FFRDC's). The major portion of these costs are spent at the well known multi-program "national" laboratories at Argonne, Illinois; Berkeley, California; Brookhaven, New York; Los Alamos, New Mexico; and Oak Ridge, Tennessee; and at the high energy physics research centers at Batavia, Illinois; and Stanford, California.

A little less than one-fifth of the costs are associated with the support of research conducted in other laboratories (designated "off-site"). Virtually^ all^ of^ the^ off-site^ research^ is^ conducted^ at educational institutions, and^ is^ based^ almost^ entirely^ on^ unsolicited proposals.

There is no clear line of demarcation between^ National^ Laboratories,^ other^ Federally^ Funded^ Research and Development Centers, and off-site laboratories. The AEC investment in facilities ranges^ from zero for some contractors to tens of millions of dollars for others, and the annual level of AEC support ranges from a few thousand dollars for some contractors, to tens of millions of dollars for others--the spectrum is broad with no significant breaks.

Some of the FFRDC's research and development activities include programs in, e.g., applied techno- logy, biomedical and environmental research, reactor research and development, waste management and transportation, or controlled thermonuclear research. These activities are funded from sources other than the Division of Physical Research. The physical research program at these FFRDC labora- tories provides, in varying degrees, some of the basic investigations underlying the more applied or developmental activities of such laboratories. Other FFRDC's include laboratories that are engaged in research in a single, well-defined area. All FFRDC's have the following common characteristics:

1. They are operated for the Federal Government by universities, not-for-profit organizations or^ private^ industry.
2. They are treated as national facilities.
3. They represent large investments (several millions of dollars) in AEC-owned capital facilities.
4. They have large annual levels (several millions of dollars) of AEC support.

The objective of the basic research program is to search for and discover new knowledge within the mission-oriented framework of AEC. It is from this expanding reservoir of knowledge that develop- mental accomplishments are ultimately achieved. The off-site program complements the FFRDC's in the advancement of science in those disciplines that are fundamental to AEC's programs.

The off-site contract-research program has a number of distinct benefits:

1. When the amount provided by AEC is added to other funds available to the contractor, the effectiveness of the contractor's program, as well as the basic research effort of AEC, is increased.
2. AEC receives the services, in basic research activities fundamental to AEC's future capabilities, of highly qualified scientists who prefer employment at outside laboratories or who prefer (^) to teach and to do research at educational institutions.
3. The contract-research program, by providing for the conduct (^) of research at educational institutions, contributes to the education and training (^) of scientists in fields relevant to AEC's programs.

FFRDC's

Scientific Graduate

AEC Budget Category^ Amount^ Man-Years^ Students^ Publications

High Energy Physics $ 125,663 1,214^173

Nuclear Sciences 54,741^689 107

Materials Sciences 27,585^436 304

Molecular Sciences 20,953 403 254 707

TOTAL $ 228,942 2,742^838 2,

OFF-SITE CONTRACT RESEARCH

Number of^ AEC^ Support^ Scientific^ Graduate Agreements FY 1974 Man-Years Students Publications

High Energy Physics 45 $^ 22,493^426 357

Nuclear Sciences 79 15,896 316 314 692

Materials Sciences 90 6,212 105 278 437

Molecular Sciences 101 7,649 171 282 492

TOTAL 315 $ 52,250 1,018 1,231^ 2,

All off-site contracts were with educational and a few other non-profit research institutions. 260 were of the Special Research Support Agreement type ($15.4 million), while 55 were cost- reimbursement contracts ($36.8^ million).^ According^ to^ the^ proposals^ upon^ which^ the^315 contracts are based, principal investigators planned^ to^ spend^ the^ $56.7^ million^ available^ to^ them^ (a^ higher figure than the AEC contribution since most off-site contractors tend^ to^ share^ in^ the^ total^ cost of a project) approximately as follows ($ in thousands):

Salaries and Wages $ 26,395 47%

Equipment 4,574 (^) 8%

Materials and Supplies 9,091 16%

Other Direct Costs 2,798^ 5%

Indirect Costs 13,842 24%

TOTAL $ 56,700 100%

Supported by AEC(FY 1974) $ 52,250 92%

FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS

For purposes of this report, the following may be considered FFRDC's operated for AEC (including only those supported in whole or in part under the physical research program). The listing is consistent with "Federally Funded Research and Development Centers" as defined by the National Science Foundation.

Name of Laboratory, Contractor Level of Physical Research Program and Principal Staff* Support - FY 1974 (in thousands)

Operations Equipment

AMES LABORATORY, Iowa State University of $ 6,229 $ 610 Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa

Director .................... Robert Hansen Deputy Director ............. Velmer A. Fassel

ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, University of 34,071 3, Chicago and Argonne Universities Association, Argonne (Lemont), Illinois

Director .................... Robert G. Sachs Deputy Directors: Research .................. Michael V. Nevitt Operations ................ Robert V. Laney Associate Directors: High Energy Physics ....... Thomas H. Fields Physical Research ......... Michael V. Nevitt (Acting) Biomedical & Environmental Research ................ Warren K. Sinclair Engineering Research & Development ............. Jack A. (^) Kyger Energy & Environment ...... Edward G. Pewitt Services .................. Paul E. Neal Educational Affairs ....... Shelby A. Miller

BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY, Associated 38,787 2, Universities, Inc., Upton, Long Island, New York Director .................... (^) George H. Vineyard Associate Directors: Life Sciences, Chemistry, and Safety .............. Victor P. Bond High Energy Physics ....... R. Ronald Rau Administration ............ Vincent R. O'Leary

FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY, Universities 28,898 15, Research Association, Batavia, Illinois Director .................... Robert R. Wilson Deputy Director ............. Edwin L. Goldwasser Associate Directors: Planning & Programming .... James R. Sanford Accelerator Division ...... Paul J. Reardon

IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY, Aerojet (^41) Nuclear Company, Idaho Falls, Idaho

President & General Manager. C. K. Leeper

*Individuals listed are generally those with the rank of Associate Laboratory Director or higher, plus certain others who are involved with the physical research program.

Name of Laboratory, Contractor Level of Physical Research Program and Principal Staff (^) Support - FY 1974 (in thousands)

Operations Equipment

SAVANNAH RIVER PLANT, E. I. duPont; University of $ 105 $ - Georgia; Aiken, South Carolina

Director, Savannah River Laboratory (DuPont) ....... Clark H. Ice Director, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (Univ. of Georgia) ............... Michael H. Smith

STANFORD (^) LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER, Stanford 23,762 2, University, Palo Alto, California

Director .................... W. K. H. Panofsky Deputy Director ............. Sidney D. Drell Associate Directors: Research Division ......... J. Ballam Technical Division ........ R. B. Neal Business Services ......... F. V. L. Pindar Administrative Services ... R. H. Moulton, Jr.

Costs and Manpower As of July 1, 1974

Number and Man-Years Total Costs Scientific Employees Graduate Number of Laboratory (In thousands) Permanent Visiting Students Publications

Ames Laboratory ............ $ 6,839 130 - 77 2 - .5 195 280

Argonne National Laboratory ............... 37,328 637 - 500 218 - 95 125 560

Brookhaven National Laboratory ............... 41,454 434 - 379 177 - 46.5 82 438

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ... 44,073 230 - 220 360 - 1500 130

Idaho National Engineering Laboratory ... 41 5 - 2 0 - 0 0 0

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory .............. 28,978 393 - 364 295 - 67 254 407

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory ............... 14,526 119 - 102 141 - 22 24 102

Mound Laboratory .......... 562 11 - 9 0 - 0 0 17

Oak Ridge Associated Universities ............ 633 18 - 6.5 48 - 12.5 37 24

Oak Ridge National Laboratory ............... 27,347 390 - (^362 60) - 24.5 71 504

Pacific Northwest Laboratory .............. 821 16 - 8.5 2 - 2 0 18

Savannah River Laboratories ............. (^) 105 0- 0 28 - 6 24 69

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center ....... 26,235 284 - 265 40 - 21 26 155

TOTAL ................. $ 228,942 2,667 - 2,295 1,371 - 447 838 2,

LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY

Number and Man-Years Total Costs Scientific Employees Graduate Number of Category (In thousands) Permanent Visiting Students Publications

Nuclear Sciences ......... $ 14,088 113 - 99 120 - 21 23 100

Materials Sciences ....... 100 2 - 2 1 -^ .5^1

Molecular Sciences ....... 338 4 - 1 20 - .5 0 0

TOTAL ............... $ 14,526 119 - 102 141 - 22 24 102

• Includes 30 publications that resulted from collaborative efforts with other universities.

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY

Number and Man-Years Total Costs Scientific Employees Graduate Number of Category (In thousands) Permanent Visiting Students Publications

High Energy Physics ...... $ 288 7 - 5.5 2 - .5 1 11

Nuclear Sciences ...... 15,157 191 - 179 19 - 7.5 8 212

Materials Sciences ....... 7,156 109 - 103 10 - 7.5 5 155

Molecular Sciences ....... 4,746 83 - 74.5 29 - 9 57 126

TOTAL ............... $ 27,347 390 - 362 60 - 24.5 71 504

• Includes 132 publications that resulted from collaborative efforts with other universities.

PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORY

Number and Man-Years Total Costs Scientific Employees Graduate (^) Number of Category (^) (In thousands) Permanent Visiting Students Publications

Materials Sciences ....... $ 673 8 - 6 2 - 2 0 13

Molecular Sciences ....... 148 8 - 2.5 0 - 0 0 5

TOTAL ............... $ 821 16 - 8.5 2 - 2 0 18

• Includes 4 publications that resulted from collaborative efforts with other universities.

OTHER FFRDC LABORATORIES

Number and Man-Years Total Costs Scientific Employees Graduate Number of Category (In thousands) Permanent Visiting Students Publications

AMES LABORATORY

High Energy Physics ...... $ 665 15 - 6.5 0 - 0 16 16

Nuclear Sciences ......... 664 11 - 5.5 0 - 0 11 20

Materials Sciences ....... 3,810 71 - 44 2 - .5 (^103 )

Molecular Sciences ....... 1,700 (^33) - 21 0 - 0 65 125

FERMI NATIONAL

ACCELERATOR LABORATORY

High Energy Physics ...... 44,073 230 - 220 360 - 150 0 130

IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY

Nuclear Sciences ......... 41 5 - 2 0 - 0 0 0

MOUND LABORATORY

Nuclear Sciences ......... (^277 5) - 4 0 - 0 0 3

Materials Sciences ....... (^104 2) - 2 0 0 0 3

Molecular Sciences ....... 181 4 - 3 0 - 0 o 11

OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED

UNIVERSITIES

Nuclear Sciences ......... 120 2 - 2 6 - 2 3 12

Molecular Sciences ....... 513 16 - 4.5 42 - 10.5 34 12

SAVANNAH RIVER LABORATORIES

Molecular Sciences ....... 105 0 - (^0 28) - 6 24 69

STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR

CENTER

High Energy Physics ....... 26,235 284 - (^265 40) - 21 26 155

Division of Applied Technology: General energy development, including non-nuclear technology concerned with all phases of energy production, conversion, transmission, and storage, and environmental effects thereof; Applications of underground explosions, including nuclear and non-nuclear, for resource recovery and other applications; Isotopes development, with emphasis on energy-related applications.

Division of Biomedical & Environmental Research: Life Sciences, including medicine, (^) biology, ecology and marine studies; Atmospheric sciences; Radiological and chemical physics; Health protection and instrumentation technology; Nuclear education and training; Faculty Institutes and fellowships and traineeships.

Division of Controlled Thermonuclear Research: Plasma physics as related to controlled thermonuclear processes; Fusion power and energy conversion technology.

Division of Physical Research: Physical Sciences, covering chemistry, metallurgy, ceramics, solid state physics, elementary particle physics, nuclear structure physics, atomic physics, and mathematics and computer research.

Division of Reactor Research and Development: General reactor technology, fast breeder reactor development, nuclear reactor safety, and environmental effects of central power station heat rejection and utilization.

Division of Waste Management and Transportation: Volume reduction and solidification technology for radioactive waste; Waste treatment technology; Decontamination technology, developments for waste storage and disposal; Packaging developments for shipment of radioactive materials.

Those interested in submitting proposals for research support under this program may obtain a copy of a "Guide for the Submission of Research Proposals" from AEC Headquarters, Washington, D. C., 20545, or from an AEC field office.

Scientific reports on basic research investigations are usually published in the open literature. Special reporting of results in detail before they are ready for publication generally is not re- quired of the contractors. AEC supports open publication and wide dissemination as the normal and most desirable means for reporting the findings of fundamental research.

During Fiscal Year 1974, the Division of Physical Research received 301 formal unsolicited proposals for new research, (^) representing requests for a total of $15.1 million. On hand at the beginning of FY 1974 pending reviews were 127 new proposals requesting $7.8 million, for a total of 428 proposals representing requests for $22.9^ million^ ($^ in^ millions):

On Hand 7/1/73 Received in FY 1974 Total High Energy Physics ........... 19 - $ 1.4 24 - $ 1.5 43 - $ 2. Nuclear Sciences .............. (^44) - 2.1 57 - 3.2 101 - 5. Materials Sciences ............ 27 - 1.1 103 - 4.3 130 - 5. Molecular Sciences ............ 37 - 3.2 117 - 6.1 154 - 9.

TOTAL .................... 127 - $ 7.8 301 - $15.1 428 - $22.

Approved in Declined, Etc. On Hand FY 1974 in FY 1974 6/30/

High Energy Physics ........... (^0) - $ 25 - $ 1.8 18 - $ 1.

Nuclear Sciences ................ 4 - .2 42 - 1.7 55 - 3.

Materials Sciences ............ 9 - .3 85 - 3.6 36 - 1.

Molecular Sciences ............ 7 - .5 74 - (^) 4.8 73 - 4.

TOTAL .................... 20 - $ 1.0 226 - $11.9 182 - $10.

Competition for available funds for new research projects has become increasingly severe in recent years, with new award amounts declining sharply since 1965 ($ in millions):

On Hand at Fiscal Beginning Received Approved Declined, etc. On Hand at Year of Year During Year During Year During Year End of^ Year

1965 184 336 - $ 32.9 60 - $ 6.1 276 - $ 25.0 184 1966 184 366 - 33.8 58 - 5.1 331 - 39.9 161

1967 161 391 - 42.1 56 - 3.2 292 - 16.2 204 1968 204 358 - 41.7 58 - 2.2 356 - 36.4 148

1969 148 417 - 42.3 76 - 2.6 270 - 41.8 219

1970 219 412 -^ 46.6^31 -^ 1.5^421 -^ 68.7^179 1971 179 326 - 14.4 18 - .9 321 - 14.6 166

1972 166 200 - 8.7 21 - .7 205 - 11.5 140

1973 140 222 - 11.1 21 - .9 214 - 8.5 127 1974 127 301 - 15.1 20 - 1.0 226 - 11.9 182

Under AEC's annual review and renewal system, the yearly turnover rate, i.e., numbers of new projects approved and existing contracts terminated, during the 1960's tended to be in the 10-15% range, with an average of some 60 new contracts written and a corresponding number of old contracts terminating each year. In recent years, however, numbers of new projects started have been sharply lower and terminations higher, resulting in a significant reduction in numbers of active contracts. New contracts, for administrative reasons, sometimes are written as separate new tasks under an existing contract; likewise, existing contracts occasionally may be split into two or more separate contracts, or several contracts may be combined into one. The following table illustrates the situation FY 1965-1974 ($ in millions):

Fiscal New Contract^ No.^ of^ Contracts Year Contracts Terminations at End of Year

1965 60 - $ 6.1 59 - $ 1.1 493 - $ 65. 1966 58 - 5.1 54 - 1.4 505 - 66.

1967 56 - 3.2 41 - .9 516 - 71.

1968 58 - 2.2 48 - 1.5 525 - 71. 1969 76 - 2.6 58 - 1.2 543 - 71.

1970 31 - 1.5 59 - 2.1 515 - 68. 1971 18 - .9 40 - 1.5 484 - 61. (^1972 21) - .7 142 - 9.8 368 - 50.

1973 21 - .9 57 - 2.5 330 - 51.

1974 20 -^ 1.0^30 -^ 1.5^315 -^ 52.

Again here, it is important to note that dollar figures pertaining to the off-site program generally represent contract amounts authorized, as opposed to costs incurred, and include funds provided for equipment regardless of who takes title. Contract research projects in effect as of July 1, 1974, and supported by the AEC Headquarters Division of Physical Research are listed on pp. 20-36 by AEC Budget Category, and including the name and location of the contractor, the name(s) of the principal investigator(s), a short descriptive title of the research, and the level of AEC support (i.e., contract amount authorized) during the most recent funding period. The amounts listed are for one year unless otherwise indicated. A summary of contracts (^) by State appears on pp. 16-19.

CONSOLIDATED BUDGET OF THE 315 OFF-SITE PROJECTS

INCLUDED IN THE PHYSICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM

(Dollars in Thousands)

Items of Expense

High Energy Nuclear Materials Molecular SRSA Projects (260) Total % Physics % Sciences % Sciences % Sciences %

Salaries and Wages ........ $ 8,904 50.6 $ 1,407 50.0 $ 2,423 50.6 $ 2,551 51.2 $ 2,523 50. Equipment ................ 959 5.4 83 3.0 272 5.7 279 5.6 325 6. Materials and Supplies .... 2,528 14.4 549 19.4 688 14.4 672 13.5 619 12. Travel .................... 537 3.1 128 4.5 211 4.4 84 1.7 114 2. Communications ............ 54 .3 7 .2 9 .2 12 .2 26. Publication Costs ......... 241 1.4 42 1.5 53 1.1 73 1.5 73 1. Indirect Expenses .......... 4,363 24.8 602 21.4 1,129 23.6 1,309 26.3 1,323 26.

TOTAL ................ $ 17,586 100.0 $ 2,818 100.0 $ 4,785 100.0 $ 4,980 100.0 $ 5,003 100.

Supported by AEC (FY 1974) $ 15,426 87.7 $ 2,283 81.0 $ 4,047 84.5 $ 4,662 93.6 $ 4,434 88.

Cost-Type Projects (55)

Salaries and Wages ........ $ 17,491 44.7 $ 9,480 44.2 $ 5,621 44.2 $ (^656) 42.3 $ 1,734 51. Equipment ................. 3,615 9.2 1,681 7.8 1,485 11.7 202 13.0 (^247) 7. Materials and Supplies .... 6,563 16.8 3,569 16.6 (^) 2,277 17.9 329 21.2 388 11. Travel .................... 1,550 4.0 1,221 5.7 236 1.9 9 .6 84 2. Communications ............ 145 .4 104 .5 21 .2 10 .7 10. Publication Costs ......... (^271) .7 144 .7 90 .7 11 .7 26. Indirect Expenses ......... 9,479 24.2 5,270 24.5 2,979 23.4 333 21.5 897 26.

TOTAL ................ $ 39,114 100.0 $ 21,469 100.0 $ 12,709 100.0 $ 1,550 100.0 $ 3,386 100.

Supported by AEC (FY 1974) $ 36,824 94.2 $ 20,210 94.1 $ 11,849 93.2 $ 1,550 100.0 $ 3,215 95.

SUMMARY OF OFF-SITE CONTRACTS BY STATE

Number of FY 1974 Funding* *Dollar figures are based on obligations made specifically from FY 1974 funds, for operations

 - Alabama 1 $ State and Contractor Contracts (in 1000's) - Alabama, University of, University - Alaska - Alaska, University of, Fairbanks - Arizona - Arizona State University, Tempe - Arizona, University of, Tucson - Arkansas - Arkansas, University of, Fayetteville - California 41 6, - Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 6 2, - California, University of, Berkeley - California, University of, Davis - California, University of, Irvine - California, University of, Los Angeles 10 1, - California, University of, Riverside - California, University of, San Diego - California, University of, Santa Barbara^1 - California, University of, Santa Cruz - Southern California, University of, Los Angeles - Stanford University, Stanford 

• Colorado 4 - Colorado School of Mines, Golden1 - Colorado, University of, Boulder
• Connecticut 9 3, - Connecticut, University of, Storrs - The New England Institute, Inc., Ridgefield - Yale University, New Haven 6 3,
• District of Columbia - Georgetown University - George Washington University - Howard University
• Florida - Florida State University, Tallahassee - Florida, University of, Gainesville
• Georgia - Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta - Georgia, University of, Athens
• Hawaii - Hawaii, University of, Honolulu
• Idaho - Idaho State University, Pocatello