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Defining Research
Research must be systematic and follow a
series of steps and a rigid standard protocol.
These rules are broadly similar but may vary
slightly between the different fields of
science.
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Defining and Understanding Research Methodologies, Lecture notes of Human Resource Management
A comprehensive overview of research methodologies and their applications. It covers the fundamental principles of research, including the systematic and rigorous approach required, as well as the different types of research. The document explores the specific characteristics and purposes of different research approaches, including quantitative, qualitative, basic, applied, longitudinal, and more. This would be valuable for students and researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of research methodologies.
Typology: Lecture notes
2023/2024
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Defining Research
Research must be systematic and follow a series of steps and a rigid standard protocol. These rules are broadly similar but may vary slightly between the different fields of science.
Research is used as
Basis of knowledge
1). Authority
- (^) When you accept something as true just because someone in a position of authority says it is true or it is an authoritative publication, you are using authority as basis of knowledge.
- (^) Parents, Teachers, Books.
2). Tradition
- (^) Tradition is a special case of authority-the authority of the past. It means you accept something as being true because “it’s the way things have always been.
4). Media Myths
- (^) Media tends to perpetuate the myths of a culture.
- (^) The content of television shows, movies, and newspaper and magazine articles; one of the six ways of knowing.
5). Personal Experience
- (^) If something happens to you, if you personally experience it or see it, you accept it as true.
Types of Research
- Comparative Research
- Explorative Research
- Explanatory Research
- Causal Research
- Theory-testing Research
- Theory-Building Research
- Action Research
1). Quantitative Research
- (^) It is based on methodological principals of positivism and neo-positivism
- (^) It adheres to standards of strict research design.
- (^) Statistical analysis is used in it.
3). Applied Research
- (^) Aims at solving specific problems
- (^) Aims at establishing policy programs that will help to improve social life
- (^) Types of applied research are action research, social impact studies, cost- benefit analysis, evaluation research
4). Longitudinal Research
- (^) It involves study of sample at more than one point in time or occasion
- (^) e.g. Trend studies, Panel studies
5). Qualitative Research
- (^) It is based on methodological principals of phenomenology, symbolic interactionism, hermeneutics.
- (^) It aims at exploration of social world.
- (^) Lazarsfeld: following elements are there….exploration, relationship discovery, establishing construct, testing hypothesis.
6). Descriptive Research
- (^) Usually it forms preliminary study of a research project.
- (^) It aims at describe social events, relations and events.
- (^) It provides background information about an event in question.
8). Comparative Research
- (^) To identify similarities and differences between units at all levels.
9). Exploratory Research
- (^) It aims at gaining information about an issue in hand.