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Nursing 300- research UFV Questions With
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List the 4 reasons relational practise is important
- Relational practice is included in the competencies for entry level RN's in BC!
- Engages in active listening to understand and respond to the client's experience, preferences, and health goals.
- Uses evidence-informed communication skills to build trusting, compassionate, and therapeutic relationships with clients. 4.Incorporates the process of relational practice to adapt communication skills. List the 7 relational skills
- The Skill of Letting Be
- The Skill of Listening
- The Skills of Self-Observation (Conscious Participation & Self-knowing)
- The Skills of Questioning to Look Beyond the Surface
- The Skill of Intentionality
- The Skill of Interrupting Contextual Constraints
- The Skill of Reimagining What are some signs of information overload for a patient
Long periods of silence
- Wide eyes and fixed facial expression
- Constant fidgeting or attempting to move away
- Nervous habits, such as tapping, playing with hair
- Sudden disruptions, such as asking to go to the bathroom
- Looking around
- Yawning, eyes drooping
- Frequently looking at a watch or clock
- Attempting to change the topic of discussion When is qualitative research used when the writer wants to provide a comprehensive summary of the experiences of their participants. What is a paradigm? -World views, there is no right or wrong world view -Beliefs and practices that guide how we do research What is ontology Science or study that looks at what exists and what our reality is -Address 2 primary questions 1.What can be said to exist 2.Into what categories can existing things be sorted? What is epistemology?
in history and reality and our understanding of the world is dependent on our perceptions. what is the ontology of post-positivism a material world exists, not all things can be understood, sensed, of placed into cause and effect relationships. the senses provide us with an imperfect understanding of the external/ material world. What is the ontology of constructivism reality is constructed by individual perception within a social context. truth is relative and based on perception or some particular from of reference what is the epistemology of post-positivism researchers are naturally biased. objectivity (controlled bias) is the ultimate goal, although pure objectivity is not attainable. uses triangulation and replication of findings across multiple perspectives What is the epistemology of constructivism research is a transaction that occurs between the researcher and research participant. research emphasizes the meaning ascribed to human experiences. objectivity is not possible; knowledge is co- created. what paradigm is used for quantitative studies post-positivism
what paradigm is used for qualitative studies constructivism what is theoretical framework This type of framework is based on a philosophical or theorized belief or understanding of why the phenomenon exists. It describes the theoretical underpinnings of your work based on existing research. Describe conceptual framework a conceptual framework allows you to draw your own conclusions. A conceptual framework is a synthesis of existing views and knowledge on a topic, developed from a review of literature. This type of framework presents a theory (based on the conceptual framework) about why the phenomenon exists. A specific theory may not be guiding the study, but concepts always are. what is inductive reasoning The pattern of "figuring out what is there" from the details of the nursing practice experience and is the foundation for most qualitative inquiry. The process of starting with the details of an experience and building toward a general picture ( small to big) What is deductive reasoning Followed by quantitative researchers, involve process of starting with the general picture in this case the theory and moving
P - Population: Describes the group of individuals that the research is focused on. I - Intervention: Describes the type of intervention or treatment that will be used. C - Comparison: Describes the comparison group that will be used in the study. O - Outcome: Describes the outcome or measure of success that will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. T - Time: Describes the time frame within which the study will occur. What is the SPIDER acronym for research questions S - Sample: Describes the sample size and demographics of the study. P - Population: Describes the group of individuals that the research is focused on. I - Intervention: Describes the type of intervention or treatment that will be used. D - Data: Describes the type of data that will be collected and analyzed. E - Evaluation: Describes how the data will be evaluated and interpreted. R - Research: Describes the type of research design that will be used. What is an online data base
an internet collection of journal sources of research and conceptual articles on a variety of topics. what is controlled vocabulary A selected list of words and phrases that are applied to similar pieces of information units What is a boolean operator In a literature search, the word that defines the relationships between words or groups of words Ex. "and", "or", "not", or "near" What is the abstract part of a research article a short, comprehensive synopsis or summary of a study at the beginning of a article what is the introduction of a research article background info researched and its significance to practice. Should include a review of literature and key concepts building up to the purpose of the study. what is the definition of the purpose in a research article purpose of study defined either in the introduction or at the end of the lit review. As a reader, The purpose statement is a quick way to see if this is a relevant topic for ur research What is the literature review in a research article
reliability refers to the consistency or constancy of the measuring tool and validity describes whether the measuring tool actually measures the correct phenomenon. What is procedure and data in a research article collection methods- procedures used to collect data or the step by step way in which the researcher used the measures is usually described in "procedures" section. What is the data analysis/ results in a research article typically in the "results" or"findings" section. Quantitative often displayed in table format with brief description. Qualitative studies may provide descriptive statistics. The procedures for analysing themes, concepts, and observational data are usually in "methods" or "data collection" sections and are reported in "results", "findings", or "data analysis" section. What is the recommendations and implications section of a research article in some articles,a separate section called "conclusions" describes the implications of the findings for practice and education as well as related limitations based on the findings, and future studies may be recommended. This is basically what the author has found and whart they recommend from their findings. Define research questions
presents the idea that is to be examined in the study and is the foundation of the research study. This must be clear, then the researcher can select the most appropriate research design. Define significance in terms of a research question does it contribute to nursing knowledge (is it worth studying?) Literature review often provides rationale for the significance of your research question (Not always in qualitative research). Define feasibility in terms of a research question Do I have enough time, participants, physical space, equipment, money, experience? What are the 4 steps of research question process 1.Idea emerges 2.Brain-storming 3.Literature review 4.variables What is a population in relation to research A well defined set that has certain properties. For example, consider the following research question What is testability in relation to research The research question must be phrased in such a way that there is a specific issue that needs to be answered. In many cases, the
Quantitative research has a hypothesis. Quantitative research has variables whereas qualitative research has concepts. Quantitative research focuses on cause and effect questions Qualitative research focuses on exploratory or descriptive questions What is phenomenology? is a science whose purpose is to describe particular phenomena, or the appearance of things as lived experience. ‘ Central meanings arise from the participants' descriptions of their lived experience’ What is grounded theory a systematic set of procedures is used to explore the social processes that guide human interaction and to inductively develop a theory on the basis of those observations. ‘ Interested in social processes from the perspective of human interaction’ What is ethnography is the study of cognitive models or patterns of behaviour within a culture (f ocuses on studying cultural groups ) What is case study a research method involves an in-depth description of the essential dimensions and processes of the phenomenon being
studied “Studies the peculiarities and commonalities of a specific case” What is historical research a systematic approach for understanding the past through collection, organisation and critical appraisal of facts. (Provides insight on the past and serves as a guide to the present and future) what is participatory action research a method in which the goal is to change society ; based on orientational qualitative inquiry What is the independent variable the variable that is manipulated in quantitative research and has a presumed effect on the dependent variable. What is the dependant variable in experimental research is observed but not manipulated What is a hypotheses prediction about what a researcher expects to find regarding the relationship between 2 or more variables. What are the criterion required for wording of a hypotheses Must be clear in clear, simple and concise terms. If this criteria is met then the reader will understand the following: the
What is a pilot study small simple study conducted as a prelude to a larger scale study. What is an extraneous variable interferes with the operations of the phenomenon being studied. What is internal validity degree to which the experimental treatment - not an uncontrolled condition - resulted in the observed effects. What is a history threat a threat to internal validity that occurs when it is unclear whether a change in the treatment group is caused by the treatment or by a historical factor or event that affects everyone or almost everyone in the group What is maturation Refers to the developmental, biological or psychological processes that operate within an individual as a function of time What is testing effect Occur when participants are tested more than once in a study with early testing affecting later testing What is instrumentation threats
a threat to internal validity that occurs when a measuring instrument changes over time from having been used before what is mortality in relation to a research study loss of the study participants from the first data-collecting point (pretest) to the second data collection point (post test) What is measurement effect administration of a pre-test in a study affects the generalizability of the findings to other populations, the resulting changes are known as measurement effects. What is external validity degree to which the findings of a study can be generalised to other populations or environments. What is selection bias occurs when precautions are not used to gain a representative sample, and there are pre-treatment differences (willingness to take part in the study, specific demographics of individuals being more likely to take part in an online survey) between the experimental group and the control group which is a threat to internal validity What are selection effects When the researcher can't attain the ideal sample population (availability of participants is low, participants are not accessible to the researcher)
variable. The effect of this manipulation is measured to determine the result of the experimental treatment. what is a antecedent variable Affects the dependent variable but occurs before the introduction of the independent variable. Factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and health status could be important antecedent variables because they may affect dependent variables such as recovery time and ability to integrate health care behaviours. What is an intervening variable condition that occurs during an experimental or quasi study that affects the dependent variable. What is a true experimental design have an experimental and control group that are randomly assigned What is the Solomon 4 group design two groups that are identical to those used in classic experimental design plus two additional groups; an experimental after group and a control after group. The additional two groups helps rule out testing threats to internal validity that the before and after groups may experience. In this, the normal groups take the pre-test and post test, while the additional two groups just take the post test.
What is the after-only design less frequently used, aka post test only control group design, is composed of two randomly assigned groups. In contrast, neither group is given a pretest or other measures. What is a lab experiment Lab experiments take place in an artificial setting created specifically for the purpose of research. The researcher has almost total control of the environment, such as temperature, humidity, noise level, and participant conditions What is a field experiment takes place in a real pre-existing social setting, such as a hospital or clinic, where the phenomenon of interest occurs. What are the advantages of an experimental research design most appropriate design for testing cause and effect relationships because the design enables the researcher to control the experimental situation. They offer better corroboration than if the independent variable is manipulated in such a way that certain consequences can be expected. What are the disadvantages of an experimental research design not commonly used in nursing research for several reasons. Experimentation is conducted under the assumption that all relevant variables involved in a phenomena have been identified. For many areas of nursing research this is simply not
