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Research Methods and Statistics Final Exam, Exams of Research Methodology

Chamberlain College of NursingResearch Methodology

A comprehensive review of key concepts and principles related to research methods and statistics, covering topics such as probability, hypothesis testing, statistical significance, and various statistical tests. Detailed explanations and examples for each concept, making it a valuable resource for students preparing for a final exam in a research methods or statistics course. The level of detail and the range of topics covered suggest that this document could be useful as study notes, lecture notes, or a summary for a university-level course in research methods or statistics. The document could also serve as a reference for students working on assignments, essays, or theses that require a strong understanding of research methods and statistical analysis.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 09/21/2024

Lectjoshua
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Research Methods and Statistics Final Exam
with correct answers
Probability - correct answer-the expected relative frequency of a particular outcome
0.50 = - correct answer-greatest uncertainty of outcome
probability= - correct answer-(# ways a particular outcome can occur)/
(# outcomes that can occur)
multiplication rule
- keyword I'm looking for - correct answer-probability of successive outcomes equals the product of their
individual probabilities
Looking for consecutive
Example: probability of rolling three ones in a row
addition rule - correct answer-probability of one outcome or another occurring equals the sum of their
individual probabilities
Example: probability of rolling a one or a six
Probability tell us - correct answer-outcomes over many trials, not the outcome of a single trial
probability is affected by - correct answer-- how far the outcome falls from the mean (how atypical)
- the standard deviation size
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Research Methods and Statistics Final Exam

with correct answers

Probability - correct answer-the expected relative frequency of a particular outcome 0.50 = - correct answer-greatest uncertainty of outcome probability= - correct answer-(# ways a particular outcome can occur)/ (# outcomes that can occur) multiplication rule

  • keyword I'm looking for - correct answer-probability of successive outcomes equals the product of their individual probabilities Looking for consecutive Example: probability of rolling three ones in a row addition rule - correct answer-probability of one outcome or another occurring equals the sum of their individual probabilities Example: probability of rolling a one or a six Probability tell us - correct answer-outcomes over many trials, not the outcome of a single trial probability is affected by - correct answer-- how far the outcome falls from the mean (how atypical)
    • the standard deviation size

the relation between probability and scores in the standard normal distribution - correct answer-we can use the standard normal curve to determine the probability that an observation falls within a certain area under the curve. Hypothesis Testing - correct answer-the process of determining whether a hypothesis is supported by the results of the research project. null hypothesis (Ho): - correct answer-- start by assuming that there is no effect, difference, or relationship

  • typically the opposite of the research hypothesis, which predicts an effect, difference, or relationship alternative hypothesis (Ha): - correct answer-- predicts that there is an effect, difference, or relationship
  • this is typically the research hypothesis beginning with the null hypothesis: - correct answer-- reduces bias (assume your prediction is incorrect, not correct)
  • allows you to gather data to disprove it One-tailed - correct answer-directional hypothesis Two- tailed - correct answer-non-directional hypothesis Type I - correct answer-(false positive, α)
  • rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true
  • saying there is an effect/difference/relationship when there truly isn't one
  • false alarm, or crying wolf Type II - correct answer-(false negative, β)
  • retaining the null hypothesis when it is in fact false
  • saying there is no effect/difference/relationship when there truly is one

standard error of the mean - correct answer-the standard deviation of the sample means the larger the z - correct answer-- the more unlikely that observed sample mean was to occur in the sampling distribution

  • the more likely it is that the sample differs from the population (i.e., came from a distinct population) one-tailed z tests and two-tailed z tests - correct answer-- to reject the null hypothesis, the sample needs to be sufficiently higher (or lower, depending upon the Ha) than the sampling distribution mean to make us think that is would be rarely observed by chance alone Critical Value for a one-tailed test - correct answer-the critical value that marks this point for α = .05 is zCV = 1. Critical value for a two-tailed test - correct answer-- the critical value that marks this point for α = .05 is zCV = 1.