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LECTURE
Ring Topology
Ring Topology Diagram
o Each device has point-to-point dedicated link with only two devices on either side o A signal is passed in the ring in one direction from device to device until it reaches its destination o Each device has a repeater incorporated o When a device receives a signal destined for another device, it regenerates the bits and pass them along
Advantages of Ring Topology
Easy to Install and Reconfigure Only two connections to be moved to add or delete a device
SIMPLE Fault Isolation Generally a signal is circulating at all times in a ring. If one device does not receive a signal within a specified period, it can issue an alarm to tell network operator about the problem and its location
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
Unidirectional Traffic A break in a ring I.e. a disabled station can disable the entire network
Can be solved by using:
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Dual Ring or A switch capable of closing off the Break
Hybrid Topologies
Hybrid Topologies
o Several topologies combined in a larger topology
Example: One department of a business may have decided to use a Bus while other has a Ring o The two can be connected via a Central Controller in Star Topology
TRANSMISSION MODE
“Transmission Mode is used to define the direction of the signal flow between the linked devices”
SIMPLEX MODE
Transmission Modes
Simplex Half-Duplex Full-Duplex
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o Either the link must contain two physically separate transmission paths:
Capacity of the channel is divided between signals traveling in opposite directions
EXAMPLE ne Network communicating via a telephone line, both can talk
ategories of Networks
One for sending and One for receiving
o
- Telepho When two people are and listen at the same time
C
There are three main categories of Networks:
LANS
o Into which category a network falls is determined by its SIZE, OWNERSHIP,
LANS
o
Two Implications e taken in choice of a LAN, because there may be a substantial
ility falls solely on the
Size of a LAN a LAN depends upon the Needs of Organization and the Type of
LAN can be as simple as two PCs and a printer in someone’s home office or it
Design of a LAN
o
WANS
MANS
DISTANCE IT COVERS , and its PHYSICAL ARCHITECTURE
A LAN is usually Privately owned and Links the devices in a single office, Building or a campus
o Care must b capital investment for purchase and maintenance. Secondly, the network management responsib user/company
o Size of Technology
can extend throughout a company and include complex equipment too Currently LAN size is limited to a few kilometers
o
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LANs are designed to allow resources to be shared between personal computers or
s to be shared can include hardware (printer), software (an
Example of a LAN of a LAN found in many business environments links a
Transmission Media & Topology e distinguished from other types of networks by
ly one type of Transmission medium
Data Rates in a LAN 1 Mbps 00Mbps and above are also possible
WA
aphical area and it usually span an Unlimited number of
Design of a WAN t consists of a large number of Switching Nodes ernal nodes to the
rned with the content of the data, rather their
o How to have been implemented using one of the 2 technologies:
Frame Relay and ATM Networks play important role nowadays too
workstations The resource application program) or data.
A common example work group of task related computers, for example engineering workstations or Accounting PCs. One of the PCs may be given a large capacity disk and becomes a server to others. Software stored on the server and is used by the whole group. In this case size is determined by software licenses
o In addition to size, LANs ar Transmission media and topology In general a given LAN will use on The most common LAN topology Bus, Star Ring
o Traditionally 4 – 6 Speeds increased and now 1
Giga Bit LAN technologies
Ns
o Generally cover a large geogr miles by utilizing Public or Leased networks instead of having their own hardware as in the case of LANs
o Typically , i Transmission from any one device is routed through these int specified destination device These nodes are not conce purpose is to provide a switching facility that will move the data from node to node until it reaches its destination Implement a WAN? Traditionally WAN s
- Circuit Switching
- Packet Switching
o
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