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RIZALS RETRACTION AND LIFE SUMMARY, Essays (high school) of History

History

SUMMARY OF RIZAL'S RETRACTION AND HIS LIFE

Typology: Essays (high school)

2018/2019

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To this day, the retraction issue is still raging like a wild fire in the forest of the

night.

PEOPLE INVOLVED

DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

- the subject matter

- hero of the Philippine Revolution

- regarded as the national hero of the Filipinos as well as the “pride of

the Malay race”.

JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

- Rizal’s alleged wife, there’s no marriage certificates so we can’t

confirm if they are married or not.

FATHER PABLO PASTELLS

- chief of the Jesuits in the Ph. in year 1890s.

- He and Rizal have argued about religion through handwritten letters.

- Had personal efforts to persuade Rizal to discard his “errors of religion”.

- He instructed Ft. Obach and Jose Villaclara to try their best to bring

back Rizal within the Catholic fold.

FATHER FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ

- Rizal’s favorite teacher at the Ateneo de Manila, to Dapitan.

- The only Spanish priest who defended Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere in public.

- head of the Jesuit mission house in Dapitan

- Way back when Rizal was still exiled in Dapitan, Ft. Pastells have also

assigned Father Sanchez to try to convince his former student’s

allegation towards the Catholic religion and Spanish religious in the

Philippines, but he failed to persuade him to discard his unorthodox, or

what they considered different views of him towards the Catholic

religion. Father Sanchez told him to retract in exchange of a

professorship, a hundred thousand pesos and an estate (Laubach,

1936) however Rizal rejected the offer.

LT. LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE

- Rizal’s trial lawyer

- younger brother of Rizal’s friend, Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade.

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To this day, the retraction issue is still raging like a wild fire in the forest of the night. PEOPLE INVOLVED DR. JOSE P. RIZAL

the subject matter
hero of the Philippine Revolution
regarded as the national hero of the Filipinos as well as the “pride of the Malay race”. JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
Rizal’s alleged wife, there’s no marriage certificates so we can’t confirm if they are married or not. FATHER PABLO PASTELLS
chief of the Jesuits in the Ph. in year 1890s.
He and Rizal have argued about religion through handwritten letters.
Had personal efforts to persuade Rizal to discard his “errors of religion”.
He instructed Ft. Obach and Jose Villaclara to try their best to bring back Rizal within the Catholic fold. FATHER FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ
Rizal’s favorite teacher at the Ateneo de Manila, to Dapitan.
The only Spanish priest who defended Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere in public.
head of the Jesuit mission house in Dapitan
Way back when Rizal was still exiled in Dapitan, Ft. Pastells have also assigned Father Sanchez to try to convince his former student’s allegation towards the Catholic religion and Spanish religious in the Philippines, but he failed to persuade him to discard his unorthodox, or what they considered different views of him towards the Catholic religion. Father Sanchez told him to retract in exchange of a professorship, a hundred thousand pesos and an estate (Laubach,

however Rizal rejected the offer. LT. LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE

Rizal’s trial lawyer
younger brother of Rizal’s friend, Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade.

FT. ANTONIO OBACH

Jesuit parish priest in Dapitan
Refused to marry Rizal and Bracken without the permission of the Bishop of Cebu. FATHER VICENTE BALAGUER
Laid the basis for the story that Rizal retracted his words and deeds.
Made the claim the he married Rizal and Bracken at 6:15 AM on December 30, just minutes before the execution. FATHER PIO PI
Jesuit superior of Ft. Balaguer
He was the one who sent Jesuits which were Frs. Vicente Balaguer, Jose Vilaclara, Estanislao March, Luis Visa, Federico Faura, and Miguel Saderra.
He instructed them to persuade Rizal to retract his anti-Catholic teachings as well as his affiliations with the Masons.
Ordered that the retraction should be in writing using either of the two sample retraction templates approved by the archbishop. PABLO MERCADO (could be an argument since he was used by the friars to steal certain letters and writings of Rizal)
An allegedly spy of the friars
Visited Rizal at his house in Dapitan on the night of November 3, 1893.
He introduced himself as a friend and relative, showing a photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons with the initials “P.M.” (Pablo Mercado) as evidences of his kinship with the Rizal family.
He offered his services as a confidential courier of Rizal’s letters and writing for the patriots in Manila, but Rizal, being a man of prudence and keen perception, became suspicious but can’t just throw Pablo Mercado out of his house, so he waited for the morning and sent him away.
Rizal later on heard that Pablo Mercado was still in Dapitan, telling people that he was a beloved relative of Dr. Rizal. Rizal reported him to Capt. Juan Sitges; he then ordered to arrest Pablo Mercado and ordered Anastacio Adriatico to investigate him immediately.
It turned out that the real name of “Pablo Mercado” was FLORENCIO NAMANAN.

MANUEL MORATO

He bought the manuscript from the Fernande the Intellectual Property Right, and then later on exposed the Friars through the Clerico-Fascist Newspapers
confirmed that Rizal never retracted
the retraction was forged by the Friars QUESTIONS (NEGATIVE) RETRACTION?
Our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, was pictured as to have taken back, or disowned, as if he was in error in all that he had written, particularly his novels -- the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo , and all other else he had said and published contrary to religious teachings by the Spanish friars. RIZAL’S ALLEGED RETRACTION LETTER I declare myself a Catholic and in this Religion in which I was born and educated I wish to live and die. I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications, and conduct has been contrary to my character as son of the Catholic Church. I believe and I confess whatever she teaches, and I submit to whatever she demands. I abominate Masonry, as the enemy which is of the Church, and as a Society prohibited by the Church. The Diocesan Prelate may, as the Superior Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my acts may have caused and so that God and people may pardon me. WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF RIZAL’S RETRACTION?
retract in exchange for his stay in the Jesuit Mission House
serve as a condition prior to his marriage to Josephine Bracken in a formal religious ceremony. REASON WHY FRIARS WANTED RIZAL TO RETRACT?
The Friars invented Rizal's alleged retraction to deflect Rizal's Heroism, which was centered on the friars' abuses. They also wanted to make as little of an impact on future generations as possible.

WHY DID RIZAL REFUSED (?) TO RETRACT HIS ANTI-CATHOLIC VIEWS?

Because if he did retract his views in the Church, particularly among the Spaniards, he knew that they will have him bound more tightly under obligation.
Also, why would Rizal retract when he knew for a fact that he would still be executed even if he signs the retraction paper? DID RIZAL RETRACT?
No one had ever confirmed to see the original handwritten retraction, even the “witnesses” nor his own family, that’s why many studies and analysis regarding Rizal’s retraction always uses the word “alleged” because the said copies were presented without proofs and evidences, given the fact that it was never the original copy or the handwritten one written by Rizal himself.
The lost original copy document of Rizal’s retraction was discovered by the archdiocesan archivist Father Manuel Garcia, but presented the copied version. WHO ALLEGEDLY FOUND RIZAL’S RETRACTION AND WHERE?
Father Manuel Garcia
Archdiocesan archives (Catholic archives in Manila) WHO CONCLUDED THAT THE PAPER WAS FORGERY?
Ricardo Roque Pascual
Pascual points out that both the signatures of Rizal and the alleged “witnesses” were signed by the same man, and they do indeed look alike. Q(opposing): How can you prove that Ricardo Pascual’s statement is reliable?
Pascual scrutinized the document thoroughly and came up with a book that questioned its authenticity. First, he scrutinized its handwriting and compared it with other documents that Rizal had written days before he was executed. These included the Mi Ultimo Adios , the letter he wrote on December 15, 1896 titled “To My Countrymen,” the Defensa that he wrote on December 12, 1896, and the dedicatory note found on the title page of the book Imitacion de Cristo , which Rizal gave to Josephine Bracken.

✓ The original copy of document WAS NEVER SHOWN IN PUBLIC , only the reproductions of it. (affirmative possible argument): Fr. Pio Pi, a Spanish Jesuit, reported that as early as 1907, the retraction of Rizal was copied verbatim and published in Spain, and reprinted in Manila. Additionally, Fr. Garcia, who found the original document, also copied it verbatim. Q: Can we really prove the validity of the said document when they referred to the alleged retraction of Rizal as copied through verbatim.

As you all know, Verbatim is defined as the exactly same words that were used originally, but could we really prove the validity of it if we can actually consider it a copy and paste situation where Father Pio Pi and Father Garcia did with Rizal’s alleged retraction, given the fact that they never presented the original document of Jose Rizal’s alleged retraction in the first place; It resulted to various errors with regards to the different versions that Father Manuel Garcia had claimed to be the one who discovered the original copy. ✓ DIFFERENT VERSIONS
There were different versions of the text in both reproductions. The date of the signing was clearly stated in the original Spanish document that Rizal allegedly signed. The year was 1890, and the date was "December 29, 1890."
Later, another supposedly original document surfaced, it bears the date “December 29, 189C”. The number “0” was evidently altered to make it look like a letter C.
Then still later, another supposedly original version came up. It has the date “December 29, 1896”. This time, the “0” became a “6”.
Another objection raised against the authenticity of Rizal’s retraction was the differences between the text of the 1935 document and the version of the retraction that Fr. Balaguer had presented.

In the 1935 document cualidad is spelled with a “u,” while in Fr. Balaguer’s version the spelling is calidad (without the “u”). Second, Fr. Balaguer’s version does not have the word Catolica after the word Iglesia. In the 1935 and the newspaper versions, the word Catolica is present. Third, in the Jesuits’ copy the third Iglesias is preceded by the word misma. This word cannot be found in the 1935 document. Fourth, with regard to paragraphing, Fr. Balaguer’s version does not begin the second paragraph until the fifth sentence while the 1935 version starts the second paragraph immediately after the second sentence. Finally, the text of the 1935 retraction has 4 commas, while the text of Fr. Balaguer’s has 11 Q(our side): If Rizal did retract, then which version should we consider? Could we really rely on just the “copy” without presenting the original? ✓ THE RIZAL FAMILY DID NOT ACCEPT THE RETRACTION AND THE MARRIAGE

They knew that if he had retracted, he would certainly have said so since his mother, Teodora Alonso Realonda with Jose Rizal on the day of his execution.
Balaguer's account exposed itself through major discrepancies in his story. His claim of marrying Rizal and Josephine was totally belied by the facts. In his account, Balaguer was totally unaware that Rizal had written "Mi Último Adiós" on the eve of his execution. Balaguer allowed no time for Rizal to write the poem. The poem in its third stanza carries the exact date and time when it was written.
In his claim of having performed the canonical marriage of Rizal and Josephine, Balaguer said he performed it in front of one of Rizal's sisters between 6 and 6:25 a.m. on December 30. But none of Rizal's sisters went to the fort that morning.

✓ MORENO’S REPORT IS A BIG BLOW TO THE CREDIBILITY OF FR. BALAGUER.

Some considered Ft. Balaguer as a reliable source for he, himself, claimed to be the one who was responsible for Rizal and Bracken’s marriage. The report of Moreno (NAP Manuscript A-6, Doc. 1) presents another eyewitness account of what transpired in Rizal’s prison cell before he was executed. The account may be considered more objective than earlier ones because Moreno was neither a member of the Catholic hierarchy nor a known Mason. He was in Fort Santiago not to serve a particular interest group but simply to perform a function connected with his work.
Moreno’s report is a big blow to the credibility of Fr. Balaguer. The fact that Moreno never mentioned him in his report casts a cloud of doubt on the veracity and accuracy of the affidavit that he executed. If we are to believe Moreno, Fr. Balaguer did not have personal knowledge of what happened to Rizal the day before he died. If his affidavit contains accurate historical details, he might have gotten them from those who were with Rizal on December 29, 1896. If Fr. Balaguer was the chief negotiator who convinced Rizal to recant, and if he talked to Rizal three times that day, Moreno would surely have inquired who he was. There is a remote possibility that Moreno did not know Fr. Balaguer because he was a priest and not an ordinary visitor. Since Moreno was able to identify the names of Rizal’s relatives and the other visitors who talked to him, there is no reason why Moreno would not mention Fr. Balaguer in his report if indeed he talked to Rizal three times. ✓ In the December 29, 1908 issue of El Renacimiento, Manuel Artigas y Cuerva considered the retraction document as “apocryphal.”
His arguments Jose Rizal, Phil. Revolution, Cuerpo de Vigilancia 375 against it are summarized in the following lines: It does not exist... It does not appear in the trial nor can anyone give an account of it in the Archiepiscopal Palace of Manila. Even in the Ateneo itself of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus it could not be found, although it was positively affirmed that it was there. And what is most exceptional is that, while documents about Rizal during all the time he had been in the Ateneo, are preserved, only the one of some twelve years ago cannot be found.

✓ Doubt has also been raised by the fact that neither the archbishop nor the Jesuits asked for pardon or mitigation of Rizal’s sentence. If he really retracted and went back to the Catholic Church, he must have been protected by the Jesuits but only his family begged for mercy. ✓ CHARACTER OF RIZAL

Herminigildo Cruz wrote an article in La Vanguardia where he openly attacked the Jesuits. He could not understand how the Jesuits and the archbishop could have misplaced such a priceless document.
Few months before his sentence, he had rejected Father Sanchez’ offer of a professorship, a hundred thousand pesos and an estate if he would retract; and he had declared that they could not be bought for half the Philippines. That is Rizal and not the one who cried in front of Father Balaguer. Rizal was a strong-willed man of deep conviction and would not easily flip-flop even in critical times. That’s why, many people could not understand why Rizal would retract knowing that it would not affect the court’s verdict. Jose Rizal’s character speaks so loud against the retraction that even all of Rizal’s old friends believe he could not have written it. In addition,
Rafael Palma, former president of the University of the Philippines and a prominent Mason, disputed the veracity or the authenticity of the document because it did not reflect Rizal’s true character and beliefs. He regarded the resurrected retraction story as a “pious fraud”. ✓ JOSEPHINE BRACKEN’S ALLEGEDLY FORGED AUTOBIOGRAPHY
FEBRUARY 22. 1897 (the day Josephine Bracken’s autobiography was written)
There are also a lot of people who believed that her autobiography was forged and forged badly.
This document allegedly written by Josephine herself confirmed that they are married according to Catholic rites. However, a close examination reveals a significant difference between the document's penmanship and that of other letters written by Josephine to Rizal.
If they are capable of doing such things, then we could assume that they were also be the one responsible on Rizal’s alleged retraction since it is not entirely impossible to actually happen.

➢ DID RIZAL DIED AS A ROMAN CATHOLIC?

Ft. Pastells and Rizal had an argument/debate regarding Rizal’s views on Religion.
It started when Father Pastells sent him a book by Sarda, with advice that Rizal should desist(abstain/stop) from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from the prism of individual judgment and self-esteem.
This interesting religious debate may be read in four letters written by Rizal, as flows: (1) September 1, 1892; (2) November 11, 1892; (3) January 9, 1893; and (4) April 4, 1893; and in Father Pastells’ replies dated: (1) October 12, 1892, (2) December 8, 1892, (3) February 2, 1893, and (4) April (no exact date), 1893.
In all of his letters to Father Pastells, Rizal revealed his anti-Catholic ideas acquired in Europe, as well as his bitterness of his mistreatment by the bad friars. It's understandable that he was enraged by the friars who committed certain brutalities under the name of a religion. On January 20, 1890, he wrote to Blumentritt from Paris: “I want to hit the friars, but only friars who utilized religion not only as a shield, but also as a false and superstitious religion in order to fight the enemy who hid himself behind it.”
He mentioned how he resented the BAD friars, but only those who committed certain brutalities under the authority of a religion. He was never anti-God nor Anti-Church, but he was anti-Cleric that were against the religious authority before, which was the Friars.
Father Pastells tried his best to win back Rizal to the fold of Catholicism, and argued that no matter how wise a man he is, Rizal’s intelligence is limited and needs the guidance of God. At the end, Rizal could not be convinced by Pastells arguments but in spite of their religious differences, they remained good friends.
Although Rizal did not agree to Pastells’ religious interpretation of Catholic dogmas, he continued to be a Catholic , and celebrate Christmas and other religious fiestas in the Catholic way.
He continued to be a Catholic, but he did not die as one because if he did, then they should have given him a decent and proper burial and we could conclude that he indeed retracted, but it did not happen. Instead, he was buried like a dead dog outside paco cemetery.

➢ RELATED CATHOLIC BOOKS THAT RIZAL GAVE TO JOSEPHINE AND HIS SISTER

This doesn’t much weigh as an evidence. As Josephine was still in the Catholic faith, it was only fitting that Rizal gave her Catholic related materials. But this doesn’t mean that Rizal have finally retracted his words against the church.
Moreover, about the forgery of the documents. There are three copies of the documents about the retraction. The first one indicates a year of 1890, the second one changes it into 189C, and the final one, the written year is 1896. Isn’t this enough proof that there was a forgery of the retraction?
Even Ft. Balaguer who was an eyewitness has some inconsistencies in his statements. We, therefore, conclude that the absence of the marriage document of Rizal and Josephine, and his burial outside the Catholic Church cemetery of Paco shows that Rizal did not retracted back to the Church. The lack of sufficient evidences proved that Rizal’s retraction was just a false accusation.

RIZALS RETRACTION AND LIFE SUMMARY, Essays (high school) of History

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FT. ANTONIO OBACH

MANUEL MORATO

WHY DID RIZAL REFUSED (?) TO RETRACT HIS ANTI-CATHOLIC VIEWS?

✓ MORENO’S REPORT IS A BIG BLOW TO THE CREDIBILITY OF FR. BALAGUER.

➢ DID RIZAL DIED AS A ROMAN CATHOLIC?

➢ RELATED CATHOLIC BOOKS THAT RIZAL GAVE TO JOSEPHINE AND HIS SISTER

QUESTIONS FOR THE OPPOSING SIDE

➢ A BURIAL RECORD IS AS IMPORTANT AS BIRTH CERTIFICATES OR A PERSON'S

RECORD TO WHICH THEY ARE CONSIDERED A HUMAN BEING ALIVE IN THIS

WORLD, BUT IT APPEARED AS IF THEY DISREGARDED RIZAL'S WHOLE EXISTENCE:

HIS NAME WAS FOUND ON PAGE 204, IN THE RECORD OF NAMES OF PEOPLE

BURIED TEN MONTHS LATER (SEPTEMBER 1897), NOT ON PAGE 147, WHERE HIS

NAME SHOULD HAVE BEEN WRITTEN SINCE IT WAS THE RECORD OF PEOPLE

WHO DIED IN DECEMBER 1896. HOW ARE YOU GOING TO EXPLAIN THE BURIAL

RECORD OF RIZAL?

➢ HOW ARE YOU GOING TO PROVE THAT FATHER BALUGUER WAS PRESENT ON

THE DAY OF RIZAL’S EXECUTION AS HE HAD CLAIMED TO BE THE WHO

MARRIED RIZAL AND BRACKEN?

➢ HIS NAME DID NOT APPEAR IN THE REGISTRY FOR ROMAN CATHOLICS. IF RIZAL

RETRACTED, THEN HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN THAT HIS NAME WAS NOT

RECORDED IN THE REGISTRY FOR ROMAN CATHOLICS?