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Rules for Scoring a Touchdown and Scoring a Field Goal in American Football, Lecture notes of Sport Studies

The University of ManchesterSport Studies

The rules for scoring a touchdown and a field goal in American football. It covers various scenarios, such as when a runner crosses the goal line, when a ball touches the pylon, when a player catches a loose ball in the end zone, and when a field goal attempt is blocked. It also explains the exceptions and supplemental notes related to these rules.

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Rule 11 Scoring
Section 1 Value of Scores
WINNING TEAM
Article 1 Winning Team. The team that scores the greater number of points during the entire game is the
winner.
Note: If a team forfeits a game, the opponent will be declared the winner by a score of 2-0, but the points will
not be added to the winning team’s record for purposes of offensive production or tie-breakers.
TYPES OF SCORING PLAYS
Article 2 Types of Scoring Plays. Points are scored as follows:
(a) Touchdown: 6 points;
(b) Field Goal: 3 points;
(c) Safety: 2 points;
(d) Successful Try after touchdown: 1 point (Field Goal or Safety) or 2 points (Touchdown)
Section 2 Touchdown
TOUCHDOWN PLAYS
Article 1 Touchdown Plays. A touchdown is scored when:
(a) the ball is on, above, or behind the plane of the opponents’ goal line and is in possession of a runner
who has advanced from the field of play; or
(b) a ball in possession of an airborne runner is on, above, or behind the plane of the goal line, and some
part of the ball passed over or inside the pylon; or
(c) a ball in player possession touches the pylon, provided that, after contact by an opponent, no part of
the player’s body, except his hands or feet, struck the ground before the ball touched the pylon; or
(d) any player who is legally inbounds catches or recovers a loose ball (3-2-3) that is on, above, or behind
the opponent’s goal line; or
(e) the Referee awards a touchdown to a team that has been denied one by a palpably unfair act.
SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES
(1) The ball is automatically dead when it is in legal possession of a player and is on, above, or behind
the opponent’s goal line.
(2) the player is attempting to catch a pass, the ball is not dead, and a touchdown is not scored, until the
receiver completes the catch. See Rule 3, Section 2, Article 7.
A.R. 11.1 Third-and-goal on B2. Runner A1 goes to the goal line with the ball over the plane of the goal line. He is
tackled, fumbles, and the defensive team recovers in the end zone.
Rulin g: Touchdown. The ball is automatically dead at the instant of legal player possession on the
opponent’s goal line.
A.R. 11.2 Second-and-10 on B18. Runner A1 takes handoff and runs down the sideline toward the goal line with the ball
in his outside arm. He crosses the goal line plane standing with the ball to the outside of the pylon.
Rulin g: Touchdown. Part of the ball crossing over or inside the pylon only applies to an airborne runner who
lands out of bounds.
Section 3 Try
GENERAL RULES
Article 1 General Rules. After a touchdown, the scoring team is awarded a Try in an attempt to score
one or two additional points during one scrimmage down.
The Try begins when the Referee sounds his whistle for play to start. The spot of the snap shall be:
(a) anywhere on or between the inbounds lines, and
(b) two yards from the defensive team’s goal line.
Note 1: All general rules for fourth-down fumbles apply to the Try (See 8-7-5).
Note 2: The Game Clock will not run during the Try.
Note 3: If the ball has been declared ready for play by the Referee, and the offensive team wants to change the
location of the ball, they can do so by calling a timeout.
Note 4: See 7-5-2 for restriction applicable to Team B formation at the snap.
Note 5: See 16-1-1 for exception when a touchdown is scored in an overtime period.
OFFICIAL NFL PLAYING RULES 61
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Rule 11 Scoring

Section 1 Value of Scores

WINNING TEAM

Article 1 Winning Team. The team that scores the greater number of points during the entire game is the

winner.

Note: If a team forfeits a game, the opponent will be declared the winner by a score of 2-0, but the points will

not be added to the winning team’s record for purposes of offensive production or tie-breakers.

TYPES OF SCORING PLAYS

Article 2 Types of Scoring Plays. Points are scored as follows:

(a) Touchdown: 6 points;

(b) Field Goal: 3 points;

(c) Safety: 2 points;

(d) Successful Try after touchdown: 1 point (Field Goal or Safety) or 2 points (Touchdown)

Section 2 Touchdown

TOUCHDOWN PLAYS

Article 1 Touchdown Plays. A touchdown is scored when:

(a) the ball is on, above, or behind the plane of the opponents’ goal line and is in possession of a runner

who has advanced from the field of play; or

(b) a ball in possession of an airborne runner is on, above, or behind the plane of the goal line, and some

part of the ball passed over or inside the pylon; or

(c) a ball in player possession touches the pylon, provided that, after contact by an opponent, no part of

the player’s body, except his hands or feet, struck the ground before the ball touched the pylon; or

(d) any player who is legally inbounds catches or recovers a loose ball (3-2-3) that is on, above, or behind

the opponent’s goal line; or

(e) the Referee awards a touchdown to a team that has been denied one by a palpably unfair act.

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES

(1) The ball is automatically dead when it is in legal possession of a player and is on, above, or behind

the opponent’s goal line.

(2) the player is attempting to catch a pass, the ball is not dead, and a touchdown is not scored, until the

receiver completes the catch. See Rule 3, Section 2, Article 7.

A.R. 11.1 Third-and-goal on B2. Runner A1 goes to the goal line with the ball over the plane of the goal line. He is tackled, fumbles, and the defensive team recovers in the end zone. Ruling: Touchdown. The ball is automatically dead at the instant of legal player possession on the opponent’s goal line.

A.R. 11.2 Second-and-10 on B18. Runner A1 takes handoff and runs down the sideline toward the goal line with the ball in his outside arm. He crosses the goal line plane standing with the ball to the outside of the pylon. Ruling: Touchdown. Part of the ball crossing over or inside the pylon only applies to an airborne runner who lands out of bounds.

Section 3 Try

GENERAL RULES

Article 1 General Rules. After a touchdown, the scoring team is awarded a Try in an attempt to score

one or two additional points during one scrimmage down.

The Try begins when the Referee sounds his whistle for play to start. The spot of the snap shall be:

(a) anywhere on or between the inbounds lines, and

(b) two yards from the defensive team’s goal line.

Note 1: All general rules for fourth-down fumbles apply to the Try (See 8-7-5).

Note 2: The Game Clock will not run during the Try.

Note 3: If the ball has been declared ready for play by the Referee, and the offensive team wants to change the

location of the ball, they can do so by calling a timeout.

Note 4: See 7- 5 -2 for restriction applicable to Team B formation at the snap.

Note 5: See 16-1-1 for exception when a touchdown is scored in an overtime period.

RESULTS OF A TRY

Article 2: Results of a Try. During a Try, the following shall apply:

 (a) If a kick results in a field goal by the offense, one point is awarded. An artificial or manufactured tee

shall not be permitted to assist in the execution of a Try-kick. (The conditions of 11-4-1 must be met.)

The ball is dead as soon as it becomes evident that the kick has failed.

(b) If a Try results in a touchdown by the offense, two points are awarded. If a touchdown is not scored,

the Try is over at the end of the play.

(c) If the defense gains possession, the ball is dead immediately. The defensive team cannot score

during a Try.

(d) If there is no kick, and the Try results in what would ordinarily be a safety against the defense, one

point is awarded to the offensive team.

(e) If any play results in a touchback, the Try is unsuccessful, and there shall be no replay.

A.R. 11.3 An attempted Try-kick is blocked. Offensive A1 recovers behind the line and advances across the goal line or recovers in defense’s end zone. Ruling: No score in either case. The ball is dead as soon as its failure as a kick to score a Try is evident. A.R. 11.4 During a Try, placekick holder A1 fumbles. B1 kicks, bats, or muffs the loose ball (new impetus) on his two- yard line and it goes out of bounds behind the goal line. Ruling: Ordinarily a safety (11- 5 -1). Award one point.

FOULS COMMITTED DURING TRY

Article 3 Fouls Committed During Try

Item 1: Fouls Before the Signal.  If there is a foul by either team after a touchdown and before the

ready-for-play signal, it is enforced on the next kickoff.

 A.R. 11.5  Offensive player A1 clips after runner A2 had scored a touchdown.  Ruling: Penalty is enforced from the succeeding spot which is the spot of the next kickoff. Spot of ball for Try is from 2 or more yards from B’s goal line. Penalty is not enforced on Try.

Item 2: Fouls Before the Snap. If there is a foul by the offense which causes a play to be whistled dead

prior to the snap, it shall be treated the same as if it had occurred prior to a scrimmage play. The

whistle shall be blown immediately. (See 7-4-1). If a foul by the defense prevents the attempt of a Try,

the offensive team has the option to have the distance penalty assessed on the next Try or on the

ensuing kickoff.

 Item 3: Fouls by Team A. The following applies if there is a foul by Team A:

(a) If there is a foul by the offense during a successful Try, after the penalty the Try shall be repeated,

unless the penalty for the foul results in a loss of down.

(b) If the penalty for a foul results in a loss of down, the Try is unsuccessful, and there shall be no

replay.

Item 4: Fouls by Team B. The following applies if there is a foul by Team B:

(a) If the foul results in a safety, the offensive team is awarded one point.

(b) If the attempted Try is unsuccessful, the offensive team may accept or decline the distance

penalty before the down is replayed.

(c) If the attempted Try is successful, all fouls committed by the defense will result in the distance

penalty being assessed on the ensuing kickoff, unless the offensive team chooses to attempt a

retry after enforcement of the penalty. See A.R. 14.27.

Note: If the foul is for defensive pass interference, and it is declined, no distance penalty is enforced on the

kickoff.

Item 5: Fouls by Both Teams. If there are fouls by both teams during a Try, the Try must be replayed

(14-3-1). Normal enforcement rules for double fouls apply.

Item 6: Fouls After a Try. If there is a foul by either team after a Try, it is enforced on the succeeding

kickoff. If there are fouls by both teams, normal enforcement rules apply.

A.R. 11.6  During a Try, runner A1 is downed on B’s 2 in a side zone. During the run, B1 commits a personal foul.  Ruling: 5HSOD\IURPWKHSUHYLRXVVSRWRUIURPWKHVSRWDIWHUHQIRUFHPHQW A.R. 11.7  During a Try which is unsuccessful, defensive B1 is offside.   Ruling: Replay at previous spot or one yard line. A.R. 11.8  During a Try which is successful, defensive B1 is offside.   Ruling: Try good and loss of yardage on kickoff against Team B, or retry from B’s one-yard line.

A.R. 11.9  Fourth-and-10 on B35. On a field-goal attempt, the ball is kicked from the B42 and is wide and goes over the end line.  Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on B42. The defensive team takes possession at the spot of the kick. A.R. 11.10  Fourth-and-10 on B35. A field-goal attempt is kicked from the B42, and is missed and: a) the ball rolls dead on the B10.    Ruling B’s ball first-and-10 on B42. b) B1 touches and downs the ball on the B10.    Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on B10. c) B1 fair catches the ball on the B10.     Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on B10. A.R. 11.11  Fourth-and-10 on B35. On a field-goal attempt B1 catches the ball on the B10 and: a) returns the ball to the B24.   Ruling : B’s ball first-and-10 on B24. If the receiving team runs a missed field goal, it continues as any other play. b) returns the ball to the 50.   Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on 50. A.R. 11.12  Fourth-and-10 on B30. A field-goal attempt is kicked from the B37 and is partially blocked behind the line and the ball rolls out of bounds on the B5:

a) without touching any receiver beyond the line of scrimmage. 

  Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on the B37.

b) touching a receiver beyond the line of scrimmage.    Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on the B5 (the spot of out of bounds). A.R. 11.13  Fourth-and-10 on B21. A missed field goal is kicked from the B28 and hits in the end zone and bounces back into the field of play to the B3 where: a) no receiver touches the ball.   Ruling: Ball dead. B’s ball first-and-10 on the B28. b) receiver B1 falls on the ball at the B3.    Ruling: Ball dead. B’s ball first-and-10 on the B28. c) B1 picks up the ball on the B3 and runs to the B10.   Ruling: Ball dead. B’s ball first-and-10 on the B28. d) B1 picks up the ball, runs to the B10, is tackled and fumbles. A1 recovers and is downed on the B8.   Ruling: Ball dead. B’s ball first-and-10 on the B28.  A.R. 11.14  Fourth-and-10 on B35. On a missed field-goal attempt B1 touches the ball on the B4 and the ball then rolls into the end zone (or over the end line) where it is declared dead in possession of Team B.  Ruling: Touchback. B’s ball first-and-10 on B20. A.R. 11.15  Fourth-and-two on B10. A field goal is good. B1 punched A2 on the scrimmage line. Ruling: Option for Team A. Score for field goal or A’s ball first-and-goal on B5. See 14-6. Disqualify B1. If a score taken, it is 15-yard penalty against Team B on kickoff (14-1-14).

FAIR-CATCH KICK

Article 3 Fair-Catch Kick. The rules for a field-goal attempt from scrimmage apply to a field-goal attempt

following a Fair Catch (a Fair-Catch Kick).

Exceptions:

 (a) The fair-catch kick line for the kicking team is the yard line through the most forward point from which

the ball is kicked.

(b) The fair-catch kick line for the receiving team is the yard line 10 yards in advance of the kicking team’s

fair-catch kick line.

Note: A fair-catch kick is not a free kick. The kicking team cannot get the ball unless it has first been touched or

possessed by the receivers.

A.R. 11.16  On a fair-catch kick from the B45, kicker A1 touches and falls on the ball on the B33 without any receiver touching the ball.  Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on the B45 (the previous spot). The clock is started when the ball is kicked. A.R. 11.17  On a fair-catch kick from the B45, the ball goes out of bounds on the B10: a) without touching any player.  Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on the B45. The clock starts when the ball is kicked. b) after touching any kicking team player.   Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on the B45. The clock starts when the ball is kicked.

NO TEE

Article 4 No Tee  An artificial or manufactured tee shall not be permitted to assist in the execution of a

field goal.

BALL NEXT IN PLAY

Article 5 Ball Next in Play After a field goal, the team scored upon will receive the kickoff. See 6-1-1-a.

Section 5 Safety

SAFETY

Article 1 Safety. It is a Safety:

(a) if the offense commits a foul in its own end zone; or

(b) when an impetus by a team sends the ball behind its own goal line, and the ball is dead in the end

zone in its possession or the ball is out of bounds behind the goal line.

Exceptions:

It is not a safety:

(1) If a forward pass from behind the line of scrimmage is incomplete in the end zone.

(2) If a defensive player, in the field of play, intercepts a pass or catches or recovers a fumble, backward

pass, scrimmage kick, free kick, or fair catch kick, and his original momentum carries him into his end

zone where the ball is declared dead in his team’s possession. The ball belongs to the defensive team

at the spot where the ball was intercepted, caught, or recovered.

(a) If a player of the team which intercepts, catches, or recovers the ball commits a foul in the end

zone, it is a safety.

(b) If a player who intercepts, catches, or recovers the ball throws a completed illegal forward pass

from the end zone, the ball remains alive. If his opponent intercepts the illegal pass thrown from

the end zone, the ball remains alive. If he scores, it is a touchdown.

  (c) If a player of the team which intercepts, catches, or recovers the ball commits a foul in the field

of play, and the ball becomes dead in the end zone, the basic spot is the spot of the change of

possession..

(d) If the spot where possession changed is inside the one-yard line, the ball is to be spotted at the

one-yard line.

SUPPLEMENTAL NOTE

The impetus is always attributed to the offense, unless the defense creates a new force that sends the ball

behind its own goal line by muffing a ball which is at rest or nearly at rest, or by illegally batting or illegally

kicking a ball (3-15-3).

A.R. 11.18  Second-and-10 on A6. Quarterback A1 throws a backward pass which is batted by defensive B1. The ball goes out of bounds behind the goal line.    Ruling: Safety. Legal bat and no change of impetus. A.R. 11.19  B1 muffs a punt on his 5-yard line. In attempting to recover he forces the ball (new impetus) into his end zone. See 3-1 5 - 3. a) where he recovers and is downed there.  Ruling: Safety. b) where he recovers and advances. Ruling: Legal advance. c) where kicking team player recovers.  Ruling: Touchdown. A.R. 11.20  B1 catches a punt on the B4. He fumbles the ball on the B4 and kicking team player A1 bats the loose ball. The ball rolls over the end line.  Ruling: Touchback. See 11-6-1 and 12-1- 8. A.R. 11.21  B1 fumbles after catching a punt on the B5 and it crosses his goal line. Kicking team player A1 recovers while he is touching the sideline.  Ruling: Safety. If it had been a muff (no new impetus or change of possession) and the same situation, it would be a touchback (11-6-1). A.R. 11.22  Second-and-10 on B20. B1 intercepts a legal forward pass on the B2. His momentum carries him into the end zone where he is downed.   Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on B2. A.R. 11.23  Second-and-10 on B20. B1 intercepts a legal forward pass on the B4 and his intercepting momentum carries him into the end zone. He then runs it out to the B35.  Ruling: B’s ball first-and-10 on B35. A.R. 11.24  Second-and-10 on B20. B1 intercepts a pass on the B6 and his momentum carries him into the end zone where he is tackled, fumbles and passing team player A1 recovers there.   Ruling: Touchdown Team A. Kickoff on A30.

Note 2: The impetus is not from a kick if a muff, bat, juggle, or illegal kick of any kicked ball (by a player of

either team) creates a new momentum which sends it on, above, or behind the goal line. See 3-15-3-Note.

A.R. 11.31  Quarterback A1 throws a legal pass which is intercepted in the end zone by defensive B1. B1 tries to run it out and is downed in the end zone.  Ruling: Touchback. B’s ball first-and-10 on B20.

A.R. 11.32  A punt is caught in end zone by defensive B1 who tries to run it out. He is tackled, fumbles and kicking team player A1 recovers in end zone.   Ruling: Touchdown for A1.

A.R. 11.33  Fourth-and-10 on B35. A1 is touching the goal line with his foot when he downs the punted ball on the 1-yard line in the field of play.  Ruling: Touchback.

BALL NEXT IN PLAY

Article 3 Ball Next in Play. After a touchback, the team that has been awarded a touchback next snaps

the ball at its 20-yard line from any point on or between the inbounds lines.