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Uploaded on 08/20/2020
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Aluminum 6061 alloy, which is an aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, develops strength through thermal treatments that precipitate fine Mg2Si particles. A high-strength aluminum 6061 alloy’s manufacturing process ( Figure 1 ) comprises the following steps: (a) An alloy composition adjusting step. (b) A material casting step. (c) A material preheating step. (d) Hot forging steps. (e) A heat treatment step.
Figure 1 : A flow chart of manufacturing a high-strength aluminum 6061 alloy During the alloy composition adjusting ( step a ), the microstructure ( Figure 2 and 3 ) shows whether there are too many cast holes, cracks, and defects, and a better composition is selected to meet mechanical properties required for aluminum 6061 alloy, which effectively enhance the fatigue resistance. Figure 2 : The microstructure of the center of a material Figure 3 : The microstructure of the edge of a material In Table 1 , adjusted traced elements, and melting trace elements into the main material aluminum (Al). 1.024 wt.% magnesium (Mg) content is used to improve the strength and hardness of the heat-treated alloy. 0.579 wt.% silicon (Si) content for improving the flow
During hot forging ( step d ), the parameters of the material hot forging manufacturing are set. For example, the die of the forging wheel is heated to 200-400°C, the operating temperature of the forging process is set in the range of 350-450°C, the forging pressure time is set to 3 seconds, and the forging pressure is set to 55000KN. The material is forged into a predetermined shape alloy product, so that the hot forging step plastic processing of the material, to improve the grain structure of the material, the alloy product material transformation, and homogenization. Besides, the mechanical fibrosis state caused by the continuous grain flow leads to better mechanical properties of the alloy product, including fatigue, toughness, and impact resistance. During heat treatment ( step e ) as shown in ( Figure 4 ), the first step is the solution treatment step. Put the alloy product into the solution furnace, heating to a temperature of 530- 580°C, and kept at the temperature for 1-3 hours. The next step is the quenching treatment. After the solution treatment, the alloy product is immersed in 50-70°C quenching liquid for the quenching time is 15-45 minutes. The third step is the aging treatment. Put the quenched alloy product into the aging furnace, heat to 160-180°C and heat preservation at the temperature for 14-18 hours. Finally, air cooling of the alloy product, form a better strength alloy product. Moreover, the alloy product is treated with solution treatment, the magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) atoms are melted into aluminum (Al) base, the lattice deformation is caused and the strengthening effect is achieved, and then the aging heat treatment is carried out (MgSi). The precipitated particles play a role in hindering dislocation movement and improving the strength of alloy products.
Figure 4 : A flow chart of a heat treatment step of an alloy product Aluminum 6061 alloy products have 6061 sheets, plate ( Figure 5 ), forgings, and extrusions ( Figure 6 ). Aluminum 6061 alloy products are used in the transport industry of trucks, ships, and rail cars, as well as furniture, pipes, and heavy structures that require good corrosion resistance. Highly polished and precipitated reinforced 6061 truck wheels save fuel because they weigh less than steel wheels. Figure 6 : Aluminum 6061 alloy
- T6 extrusion Figure 5 : Aluminum 6061 alloy plate
