SCIENCE
1st Quarter
Earth’s Interior
● The earth has 3 layers: crust,
mantle, and core.
Crust
2 types of Crust
● Continental crust
- Granite is the main rock in
continental crust
● Oceanic crust
- thinner and denser than
the continental crust
- Basalt is the rock found in
oceanic crust
Mantle
- is the thickest layer of Earth
● Moho - located between the crust
and upper mantle
● Lithosphere
- Uppermost mantle + crust
How do scientists know what’s inside
the Earth??
● Studying seismic waves
- Waves produced by
earthquakes, machines
or explosions
- P-waves and S-waves
- Bends and changes
speed at interfaces
between different
materials
- Reach different parts of
Earth at different times
● Drilling holes
- Kola Hole in Russia - 12
km
● Studying materials brought up
to the surface by volcanic
eruptions
Plate Tectonic Theory
● Earth’s surface is made up of
separate slabs of rigid rocks
called plates that moves slowly
over Earth's upper mantle, and
are constantly changing in shape
and size.
● Each plate may contain
❖Oceanic crust/ continental
crust/ both
❖Solid uppermost mantle
❖Together they consist the
Lithosphere
● Separated and interact along
plate boundaries
3 types of Plate Boundaries
➢Convergent boundaries
- Where to plates are
colliding
➢Divergent boundaries
- Where two plates are
moving apart
➢Transform boundaries
- Where plates slide past
each other
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