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Sih Grade Retrigerator = a Created by Shannon Danz Card fer Home Review Py = cien | i¢ rocess Stafford Elementary 2011 THERMOMETER—a Scientists Use Many Different Tools tool that measures temperature GRADUATED CYLINDER- fool used to Tneasure liquid volume (amount of liquid) BAROMETER —a tool that measures the } almospheric pressure {which can help predict if there will be rain or sunshine) _~., MAGNIFYING GLASS —a tool that helps to . f ”\, make things look farger and easier to see i. a - MICROSCOPE —a too/ that helps you sea . m& objecis that are too small to be seen with a magnifying glass S » SAFETY GOGGLES —are used io protect _ = eyes during experiments. SPRING SCALE —a tool that measures the weight of an abject based on the pull of gravity wy, RULER, YARB STICK, METER STICK- tool used fo measure STOPWATCH —used fo measure elapsed time ‘T- } FT length, height, or width of an y B 5 hi AN object. BEAKERS and FLASKS—hold liquic ANEMOMETER —used fo measure wind peed t WEATHERVANE—used ta measure wind direction es a i BALANCE, PAN SCALE —a tool that Gomes, Measures the mass (how much matter) of an (AA EYEDROPPER-used fo measure smail amounts of tiguid by the drop object LL INDEPENDENT VARIABLE- the part of an experiment that you MANIPULATE or CHANGE in order fo try and answer your question. CONSTANTICONTROL- the part of ar: experiment that you keep THE SAME. . ba " if liquic A student thinks that orange juice wil Cf -]— oe aunt ofeach Fuld ireeze faster than any other | ‘ equal 50 that is fhe substance. She fills identical - t CONTROL/CONSTANT Ovangs Waier = Fruit = Cola containers with the same amount of Juice Punch different liquids, then places each in j fhe freezer, la The TYPE of liquid is manipulated, or changed, which makes that the VARIABLE For the steps in the SCIENTIFIC PROCESS and mere information about the units of measure that scientists use, refer to the Refrigerator Card for 4.1. 5th Grade Refrigerator Card for Home Review SOL 5.2- Sound Created by Shannon Danz Stafiord Elementary 2047 compression wave - Sound is caused by VIBRATIONS. - AVIBRATION is @ back and forth mation. - Sound needs a MEDIUM to travel througa such as air, water, or metal. “en ~ AMEDIUM is a substance (gas, liqui or solid) that carries sounds - ASOUND WAVE is a disturbance moving ‘pene son } N\, hay UV NOME: “2 WAWANWH Me, Sound Wave Diagram « WAVELENGTH- the distance between two through a MEDIUM. sound waves (determines, FREQUENCY) * FREQUENCY- the number — of sound waves in a given A Sw afl ksinem, Dwratios unit of time (determines , A bass guitar has a low pitch PITCH) ‘ eee i “f aN (not as many vibrations). . PITCH how high or low Base Guitar) CA “ h\ i VL ia ‘ aie HY A aa PAA A A flute has a high pitoh VAM iitste} GY iN } \ } iv (lots of vibrations). aaa i NU? SOL 5.3- Light ~ Light travels in straight lines called RAYS When LIGHT hits an object, there are 4 things that can happen: because the manthayth ofansed2 x nnger tan "Sat cme sate #2 eguency ore) - WHITE LIGHT is made of different wavelengths of color - You can see the different colors when WHITE LIGHT passes REFLECTED REFRACTED through 3 PRISM and the colors are separated by FREQUENCY {bounce off of) - With LIGHT, the FREQUENCY and 25 - WAVELENGTHS determine the COLOR We K\ TRANSMITTED ABSORBED (go through) (be taken in as heat) Red has the longest wavelength and violet has the shortest Different Different a TFT ooo TF wavelength materials Light reflects better off of 5 + it light SMOOTH, FLAT surfaces. p ROY G. BIV helps you transmit light * = AVArAvAvAY SAA A to vomember the orter different’y - Light travels FASTER than sound You SEE the Transparent Transfucent Opaque - Light DOES NOT need matter to travel through. color that is (light passes through (some light passes (no light passes - ke takes light 8 1/2 minutes to go from the Sun to the REFLECTED easily) through) thraugh) Earth off ofan . iced object, 2 7 2 Fad There are two types of lens that are used fo bend light: While 8 ia a REFLECTS awd —_ all colors. I vj B + San 18 a . / Black a as g a CONCAVE CONVEX ABSORBS al z° = 5th Grade Refrigerator Card for Home Review SOL 5.5- Living Systems Created dy Shannon Darz Stefiord Elementary 2041 ANIMAL CELLS Call Membrane Nusleus Cytoplasm - Animal cells are round or have uneven edges. - Animal cells DO NOT have a cell wall or chlorophyll - NUCLEUS (the brain} - controls everything in the cell - CELL MEMBRANE (ths muscles) ~ it holds the cell together - VACUOLE (the stomach) — stores feed, water and waste - CYTOPLASM — fills the rest of the space ifs the ceil. It's clear & like jelly. PLANT CELLS Nucleus |e — Cell Membrane Cytoplasm ae Cell Wall [—* - Plant cells are usually shaped like a rectangle. - NUCLEUS (the brain} — it contro!s everything the cell docs + CELLWALL (the skin) - the wall that goes around the entire cel! + CELL MEMBRANE (the muscles) — it holds the cell together « VACUOLE ( the stomach) - stores food, water and waste + CHLOROPLAST- contains chlorophyl! that makes the The plant uses this to make it's own food by photosynthesis, - CYTOPLASM. fills the rest of the space in the cell. It’s clear & like fell. § Kingdoms of Living Creatures PLANTS _ | Divided into twa groups: vascular and nenvascular. Can make their own food. Reproduce through seeds and spores. ANIMALS | Divided into two groups: vertebrates and inverlebrales. Cannot make thelr own food. Many cells. Reprocuce with eggs. MONERAN | Small organisms such as algae, bacteria, and viruses. Can make their own food or eat other organisms. PROTIST | Singie-celled organisms ‘ound in watery places or inside animals as parasites. Some can make own food from the sun. FUNG] | Live in dark, damp areas. Grow on their source of food. Examples include mushrooms, yeast, and mold. VASCULAR PLANTS - Have special tissues (tubes) that carry water and food from the soil to ciher parts of the plant. - Roots are one of the main sources of faod and nutrients. ~ Tubes take the rulrients from the soil up through the trunk or stem to the leaves and branches. - Make their own food. Grass ‘Trees Flowers VERTEBRATES - Animais WITH backbones - 5 subgroups of fish, amphibians, rept - Each subgroup has it's own characteristics rds, and mammals Bird | Rentile NONVASCULAR PLANTS - Do not have tubes to carry nutients and water from the soil. + Plants act like sponges to soak up water that forms on them - Plants are very small and like fo grow in damp, shady areas, Lichens INVERTEBRATES - Animals WITHOUT backbones - 8 subgroups af worms, sponges, mollusks, anthropods, echinoderms, and coelenterales ~ Each subgroup has i's awn charactersics Motlusk HF Oy Coelentrerate [Bh Ponte Patina | Sth Grade Refrigerator Card for Home Review SOL 5.6- Ocean Craated by Shannon Danz Stafford Eieraentary 2011 Parts of the Ocean - CONTINENTAL SHELF- Shallow {not deep) part of the ocean on the edges of the continents, Hold the greatest variety of different animals and plants. - CONTINENTAL SLOPE— Steep drop off of the CONTINENTAL SHELF - CONTINENTAL RISE— Gently sloping area that connects the sfeep walis of the CONTINENTAL SLOPE to the ocean floor - MID OCEAN RIDGES— Underwater mountains caused by plate movements. - TRENCH— Deepest part of the ocean similar to canyons on land ~ ABYSSAL PLAIN— flat area of the ocean contieital Siope Layers of the Ocean Ocean Lightzones | | [sunivZene | Temp. drops and pressure increases as you get dseper Euphatle rane Sunfit Zone- Suntight kelps the plankton to produce food, Therefare many animals live in this area, as plankton offen start the food chain. Twilight Zone- Not enough sunlight for plants, and therefore nat many animals live here. Midnight Zone— Intsnse pressure and freezing temperatures means that barely any animals live here. Ocean Currents ~ Caused by wind, temperature, and salinity ~ Can be warm or cold currents, depending on what part of the world they come from ~ Can Tun along the surface (wind currents) or churn deep within the ocean (temp, and salinity) - Mixes up the ocean water WIND TEMPERATURE ‘SALINITY - Caused by winds that ~ Warm water from near} - Salinity is the amount of blow in the same direction | the Equator rises fo the salt in the water year round surface - As waler heats up near the Equator, it evaporates and leaves behind the sali, ~ Cold water is heavier than warm water and sinks ~ Gulf Stream is one exemple and runs along the east coast of the fo the bottom making that water have United States bringing more salinity warmer waler up from the tropics - More salinity means itis denser (heavier and the water sinks, Less salty water rises Effects on Ocean Environments ~ DEPTH affects where organisms live because most organisms need sunlight. Mast organisms live in the upper, sunlit zones - TEMPERATURE Colder water animals have a thick layer of fat or biubber to keep them warm. Organisms needing warmer water offen live near the Equator. - SALINITY -the amount of salt in the ocean varies from plce to place and during the fimes of the year. Runoff from fresh water (such as rivers) also affects haw much salt is in the water, Ocean Food Webs | ~ As with any food chain, the key iypes are the PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS, and DECOMPOSERS - PRODUCERS- often phytoplankton which are tiny plants that produce food from sunlight. PRODUCERS start the food chain. ~- CONSUMERS- larger organism that eat other organ- isms In order to survive, such as zooplanktoa, fish, and whales, - DECOMPOSERS- live on the oczan floor and feed off of dead or dying organisms that sink fo the ocean floor, such as crabs and Lobsters Fhotnsynthesis See aay Example of a Food Web The phytoplankton make food from the sun and are eaten by the zooptenkion which are eafen by the fish which are eaten by the whale. ~ WAVES are caused by the water being pushed upon the shore, When the weter hits the shallow beaches and land, the water builds up and falls over itself, cften causing EROSION of the beaches. - TIDES are caused by the pull of & ee - the Moon's gravity. Cg every 12 hours. There are high < tides (lots of water) and low tides ee {lower water levels), 3 
