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SCRIBEOLOGY FINAL ORIENTATION EXAM
Superior and Inferior - Answer - describe structures that are above and below each other, superior being above and inferior being below Anterior and Posterior - Answer - describes structures that are in front of and behind each other, anterior being front, posterior being back Proximal and Distal - Answer - describes structures that are closer or farther from the core of the body. Proximal structures are closer to the core, distal are farther away. (For example, the knee is proximal to the ankle) Lateral and Medial - Answer - describes how close a structure is to the midline of the body. Structures described as lateral are farther away from the midline, while medial structures are closer to the midline. Coronal Plane - Answer - divides the body into front and back Sagittal Plane - Answer - divides the body in left and right halves* Transvers Plane - Answer - divides the body into top and bottom* Antecubital - Answer - front of elbow Axillary - Answer - armpit Brachial - Answer - arm Carpal - Answer - wrist Cephalic - Answer - head Cervical - Answer - neck Crural - Answer - leg Deltoid - Answer - shoulder Digital - Answer - finger Dorsum of foot - Answer - top of foot Femoral - Answer - thigh Inguinal - Answer - groin
Mammary - Answer - breast Nasal - Answer - nose Oral - Answer - mouth Palmar - Answer - palm Patellar - Answer - knee Pectoral - Answer - chest Ped - Answer - foot Pelvic - Answer - hips Pubic - Answer - genitals Tarsal - Answer - ankles Retina - Answer - contains the cones and rods and allows for vision Optic Nerve - Answer - transmits the visual signals from the eye to the brain Lens - Answer - Focuses the image towards the back of the eye Extra Ocular Muscles - Answer - Muscles surrounding the eye that allow it to move within the eye socket. Iris - Answer - Circular structure in the front of the eye, containing the pigment that determines eyes color. Pupil - Answer - the hole in the center of the iris, where light passes through on its way to the retina. Nasal Turbinate - Answer - curved shelf of bones on the top of the pharynx Tonsils - Answer - Immune structures all over the body Epiglottis - Answer - flap of tissue that covers the trachea while swallowing Trachea - Answer - tube that leads to the lungs Esophagus - Answer - tube that leads to the Stomach
Urethra - Answer - tube responsible for movement of urine out of the body Vulva - Answer - general term for external female genetalia Clitoris - Answer - small, highly sensitive part of the vulva at the anterior end Labia minora - Answer - small, inner folds of the vulva Labia majora - Answer - large, outer folds of the vulva Scapula - Answer - shoulder blade,connects the humerus to the clavicle Humerus - Answer - upper arm bone Humeral Trochlea - Answer - Grooves at the end of the humerus, connecting the radius and ulna Humeral Shaft - Answer - Long, narrow part of the bone Humeral Head - Answer - Top of the humerus connecting it to the scapula Radius - Answer - Bone of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb. Ulna - Answer - Bone of the forearm, opposite side as the thumb Carpal - Answer - bones of the base of the hand Metacarpal - Answer - Intermediate bones part of the hands, form the majority of the palm Phalanges - Answer - : Bones on the tip of the finger (arranged in sets of 3: proximal, middle, distal) DIP joint - Answer - Distal interphalangeal joint. The joint between the farthest and middle phalange of a given finger PIP joint - Answer - : Proximal interphalangeal joint. The joint Between the middle and closest phalange of a given finger. MP joint - Answer - Joints between the proximal phalange and the metacarpal bones Sacroilliac Joint - Answer - Fused joint between the sacrum And the illium Coxal Joint - Answer - General term for the entire hip bone
Ilium - Answer - Top crests of the hip Pubic Bone - Answer - bone forming the top of the lower foramen (hole) Ischium - Answer - bone forming the bottom of the lower foramen (hole) Pubic symphysis - Answer - the connective tissue that holds the two sections of the hips together Femur - Answer - the bone that runs through the thigh Patella - Answer - kneecap Fibula - Answer - The smaller of the two lower leg bones, always located laterally (the outside) Tibia - Answer - the larger of the two lower leg bones, always located medially (inside) Tarsal Bones - Answer - bones that form the heel of the foot Metatarsal bones - Answer - the middle bones of the foot Phalanges - Answer - The end of the foot, eventually forming the toes a-, an- - Answer - without Ab- - Answer - away from Ad - - Answer - move toward Aden(o) - Answer - relating to a gland Adip(o) - Answer - relating to fat
- Aemia - Answer - relating to blood
- algia - Answer - pain Ambi- - Answer - both sides of body Angio- - Answer - blood vessel Ather(o)- - Answer - relating to fatty deposits Axill- - Answer - pertaining to the armpit
My(o) - Answer - muscle Nephr(o)- - Answer - kidney Neur(o) - Answer - nerve, nervous system Onco- - Answer - tumor Orth(o)- - Answer - Denoting something as straight or correct
- osis - Answer - condition of Oste(o)- - Answer - bone
- pathy - Answer - disease Pector- - Answer - breast, chest Peri- - Answer - Denoting something around Phleb(o) - Answer - Pertaining to the blood veins Pneum(o)- - Answer - Pertaining to the lungs Post- - Answer - Denotes something after Rhin(o) - Answer - nose
- stasis - Answer - stopping or standing
- staxis - Answer - dripping Tachy- - Answer - fast Thromb(o) - Answer - clot Atraumatic - Answer - No evidence of trauma to the body Cachectic - Answer - state of ill appearance and malnutrition Diaphoresis - Answer - excessive sweating Emaciated - Answer - extremely thin; wasted away Malaise - Answer - Generalized discomfort or weakness
Normocephalic - Answer - Normal head. Anisocoria - Answer - unequal pupil size Conjunctiva - Answer - membrane lining of the eyelids and covering of the eyeball Conjunctival injection - Answer - redness of the conjunctiva Corneal injection - Answer - redness of the cornea Diplopia - Answer - double vision Nystagmus - Answer - involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes Periorbital - Answer - around the eyes Raccoon Eyes - Answer - ecchymosis around the eyes Cerumen Impaction - Answer - buildup of ear wax dentalagia - Answer - dental pain dentition - Answer - indicating the condition of teeth (i.e. intact) Dysphagia - Answer - difficulty swallowing Edentulous - Answer - without teeth Epistaxis - Answer - nosebleed hemotypanum - Answer - blood in the middle ear lacrimal - Answer - having to do with tears lingual - Answer - having to do with tongue Middle ear effusion - Answer - buildup of fluid behind the eardrum Mucosal Edema - Answer - swelling of the mucous membranes Oropharyngeal edema - Answer - swelling of the pharynx Oropharyngeal erythema - Answer - redness of the pharynx Oropharyngeal exudate - Answer - pus or fluid escaping from the blood vessels of the pharynx
Wheeze - Answer - difficulty breathing makes a whistling sound that is a result from the narrowing of the lumen in respiratory passages Aneurysm - Answer - widening of a blood vessel that results in a blood sac angina - Answer - severe, constricting chest pain due to heart tissues not receiving enough blood arrhythmia - Answer - Abnormal heart rhythm bradycardia - Answer - slow heart rate bruit - Answer - murmur or sound heard in auscultation indicating narrowing of a vessel Capillary Refill - Answer - the return of color after pressing down on the skin Embolism - Answer - Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot of blood or foreign substance hemorrhage - Answer - loss of blood from the body internally or externally Infarct - Answer - Area of dead tissue after a lack of blood supply ischemia - Answer - Temporary, localized area of blood restriction murmur - Answer - extra heart sounds palpitations - Answer - awareness of one's own heartbeat pitting edema - Answer - fluid buildup, typically in the legs, that leaves a "pit" or indention when pressed Stenosis: narrowing of an opening tachycardia - Answer - fast heart rate dyspepsia - Answer - indigestion hematemesis - Answer - blood in vomit hematochezia - Answer - blood in stool hemorhoid - Answer - swollen and inflamed veins on the rectum or anus melena - Answer - Black tarry stool splenomegaly - Answer - enlarged liver
rebound - Answer - : a sensation of pain felt when pressure (as to the abdomen) is suddenly removed Gentiourinary - Answer - relating to the urinary and genitalia balanitis - Answer - inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis Cervical - Answer - pertaining to the neck or cervix of the uterus Dysmenorrhea - Answer - painful menstruation Dyspareunia - Answer - painful intercourse dysuria - Answer - painful urination hematuria - Answer - blood in the urine Urinary Incontinence: - Answer - sudden involuntary urge to pass urine nocturia - Answer - excessive urination at night phimosis - Answer - inability to retract the foreskin Priaprism - Answer - persistent and painful erection, often due to trauma torsion - Answer - twisting of an organ around its own axis urirnary frequency - Answer - increase urination Urolithiasis - Answer - kidney stones Arthralgia - Answer - joint pain Crepitus - Answer - a crackling or grating sound usually of bones edema - Answer - Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces, swelling myalgia - Answer - muscle pain Paraspinal tenderness - Answer - tenderness of the muscles along the spine Sacroilliac Joint (SI) Joint - Answer - where the spine meets the pelvis Spasm - Answer - sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
Alert and oriented: - Answer - measuring of mental function, measured in orientation to person, place, time, and situation. If a person is oriented to all 4, it is recorded as A&Ox ambulatory - Answer - able to walk Babinshi reflex - Answer - movement of the great toe upward and the fanning out of the other toes when the bottom of the foot is struck Concussion - Answer - loss of consciousness due to severe head injury Dysphasia - Answer - inability to understand verbal commands as a result of a brain injury/illness Gait - Answer - manner of walking Hemiparesis - Answer - : Paralysis or weakness on one side of the body Neuralgia - Answer - nerve pain Neurovascularly intact - Answer - circulation and sensation are normal Paresthesia - Answer - abnormal tactile sensation such as numbness, tingling or burning photophobia - Answer - sensitivity to light Post-ictal - Answer - Symptoms that occur after a seizure Romberg sign - Answer - swaying of the body or falling when eyes are closed Saddle anesthesia - Answer - loss of sensation restricted to the buttocks, perineum, and inner thighs Seizure - Answer - convulsions due to abnormal electrical impulses in the brain Syncope - Answer - fainting Delusional - Answer - having an irrational belief that cannot be changed by a rational argument, often found in schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis Dementia - Answer - partial or total loss of personality or mental function, due to mental deterioration, but without psychosis Acute - Answer - an abrupt onset or sudden flare-up of a condition
Effusion - Answer - escape of fluid into a cavity Etiology - Answer - the cause of a disease and mode of operation Exudate - Answer - a substance that is seen on surface tissue, usually a result of inflammation or disease Guarding - Answer - movement of extremities to protect the body when pressure is applied, may be voluntary or involuntary In situ - Answer - in original place (most frequently cancer) Metastasis - Answer - spread of cancer Necrotic - Answer - dead tissue Turgor - Answer - condition of being swollen or distended Polydipsia - Answer - excessive thirst Polyuria - Answer - excessive urination Cataract - Answer - clouding of the lens of the eye Conjunctivitis - Answer - inflammation or infection of outer membrane of the eye Corneal Abrasion - Answer - scratch on the cornea orbital fracture - Answer - A fracture of the bony socket that holds the eyeball Ptosis - Answer - drooping of eyelid Retinal Detachment - Answer - When the back, color sensitive part of the eye pulls away from the supportive tissue Stye - Answer - Red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid Allergic Rhinitis - Answer - allergic response causing itchy, watery, eyes, and sneezing. Dental Abscess - Answer - bacterial infection of the soft tissue around a tooth Dental Caries - Answer - cavities Dental Fracture - Answer - broken tooth epistaxis - Answer - noesbleed
Asystole - Answer - condition where the heart is no longer beating Atrial Fibrillation - Answer - Irregular, rapid heart rate caused by irregular electrical activity in the heart Cardiomegaly - Answer - enlargement of the heart Congestive Heart Failure - Answer - Chronic condition where the heart loses its ability to effectively pump blood Costochondritis - Answer - Inflammation of the costal cartilage Deep venous thrombosis - Answer - blood clot in a deep vein, most typically in the legs Myocardial infarction - Answer - heart attack Peripheral Vascular Disease - Answer - Condition of narrowing of the outer blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the limbs Pulmonary Embolus: - Answer - When one of the major arteries in the lungs becomes blocked with a blood clot STEMI: (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) - Answer - Heart Attack characterized by elevation of the ST wave on an EKG Ventricular Tachycardia: - Answer - Pulse of more than 100 bpm with at least 3 irregular heartbeats in a row Anal Fissure - Answer - : Small tear in the lining of the anus Appendicitis - Answer - inflammation of the appendix Ascites - Answer - Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity Cholecystitis - Answer - inflammation of the lining of gallbladder Cholelithiasis - Answer - gallstones Cirrhosis - Answer - chronic degenerative disease of the liver Diverticulitis - Answer - Inflammation/infection of the diverticula (intestines) Diverticulosis - Answer - Condition of having small pouches in the lining of the colon that bulge outward through weak spots. In some cases may lead to diverticulitis
Gastritis - Answer - inflammation of the stomach lining Gastro esophageal reflux disease - Answer - Disease caused by the regurgitation of bile from the stomach into the esophagus Gastroenteritis - Answer - Inflammation of the GI tract involving stomach and small intestine Hemorrhoids - Answer - swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding Hydrocele - Answer - accumulate of serous fluid within a body sac Hyperlipidemia - Answer - Excessive fat in the blood, high cholesterol Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Answer - A chronic and unpleasant gastrointestinal condition marked by abdominal cramping, and diarrhea or constipation Pancreatitis - Answer - Chronic or acute inflammation of the pancreas Peptic Ulcer Disease - Answer - sores that develop on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine Perforated Bowel - Answer - Completed penetration of any part of the gastrointestinal wal Small Bowel Obstruction - Answer - blockage of the small or large intestine by digested good Acute Renal Failure - Answer - Sudden loss of kidney function Bacterial Vaginosis - Answer - overgrowth of bacteria within the vagina, causing inflammation Bartholin Cyst - Answer - buildup of pus within the Bartholin glands (within the labial folds) Chronic Kidney Disease - Answer - chronic decrease in the ability of the kidneys to filter the blood Ectopic Pregnancy - Answer - a pregnancy in which the fertilized eggs implants outside the uterus Endometriosis - Answer - condition where normal uterine lining grows outside the uterus Epididymitis - Answer - Inflammation of the tube at the back of the testicle
Transient Ischemic Attack: - Answer - Brief, stroke-like attack that resolves spontaneously Vertigo - Answer - Dizziness; Specifically characterized by the sensation that the room is spinning Anxiety - Answer - feelings of worry, nervousness, or unease. Typically accompanied by compulsive behavior or panic attacks Depression - Answer - Mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in living life Drug Dependence - Answer - reliance on a drug to function normally Cellulitis - Answer - Inflammation/Infection of skin Contusion - Answer - region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries are ruptured Decubitus ulcer - Answer - pressure sore on skin Dermatitis - Answer - inflammation of the skin Eczema - Answer - Nonspecific, Inflammatory condition of the skin: itching, burning, tiny papules Keloid - Answer - : scar formation consisting of dense tissue Seborrheic Dermatitis: - Answer - skin rash characterized by scaly patches and red skin, concentrated on the scalp Shingles - Answer - skin rash caused by the reactivation of the chicken pox virus Urticaria - Answer - Hives that are either lighter or darker in color than the surrounding skin Viral exanthema - Answer - rash on the skin caused by viral infection. Common in children Anaphylactic Shock - Answer - extreme allergic reaction involving heart failure, circulatory collapse, and difficulty breathing Anaphylaxis - Answer - Difficulty breathing brought on by an allergic reaction Lymphadenopathy - Answer - : Enlargement of lymph nodes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis - Answer - Depletion of the body's alkali reserves due to diabetes, causing a major disruption in the body's acid-base balance. The breath smells fruity and the patient is usually comatose Hyperglycemia - Answer - Blood sugar over 120 Hyperkalemia - Answer - Elevated potassium Hypoglycemia - Answer - Blood sugar under 90 Hyponatremia - Answer - Low blood sodium Hypothyroidism - Answer - Subnormal activity of the thyroid gland. Sepsis - Answer - infection within the blood Thrombocytopenia - Answer - low blood platelet coun Foreign Body - Answer - object embedded or stuck inside a part of the body Influenza - Answer - infection by a flu virus Nosocomial infections: - Answer - Opportunistic infections contracted while in the hospital, eg a urinary tract infection a patient develops from his foley catheter Tinea - Answer - Fungal infection of dermis (many different types) A&Ox4 - Answer - Alert and Oriented to person, place, time, and situation AAA - Answer - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AB - Answer - abortion abg - Answer - arterial blood gas abx - Answer - antibiotics a-fib - Answer - atrial fibrillation aicd - Answer - automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator aka - Answer - above knee amputation ama - Answer - against medical advice ams - Answer - altered mental status
