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Seasons Lab Demonstration, Exercises of Earth science

Earth science

Model the four seasons using a flashlight, globe, and position template.

Typology: Exercises

2025/2026

Uploaded on 03/06/2026

melissa-byrd
melissa-byrd 🇺🇸

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bg1
Purpose:
The purpose of this lab is to explore the times of year when different parts of the Earth
receive direct and indirect rays from the Sun.
Materials:
• Earth Globe • Flashlight • Cup Stand for Light Source • Seasons Mat
Reminders:
•
Earth’s Axis is tilted 23.5°
.
•
Do not confuse ROTATION with REVOLUTION:
Rotation occurs every 24 hours. When we face
the sun, we experience daytime. When we are not facing the sun, we experience nighttime.
Procedure:
•
Model Earth's 4 positions around the Sun to show where and how the 4 seasons occur .
•
Your model of each position must show the axis titled properly,
23.5°
to the right
•
When asked to “
align
” place materials in a “straight line” .. See pic to right
•
Sketch
a picture of your observations at each position in your lab report.
Data Directions: Record your observations about the area
of the earth that receives the most direct energy (sunlight) for
positions A-D.
• Position B: To model align and shine the flashlight at
Earth’s globe. Use model to complete data.
Which
hemisphere
is receiving
direct
rays from the Sun?
___________________________
What season is it in the Northern hemisphere?
_____________________________
What
season is it In the Southern hemisphere?
_____________________________
***After revolving counterclockwise***
•
Position _____: To model align and shine the
flashlight at Earth’s globe. Use model to complete data.
What is the letter of the position now after moving one space
counterclockwise? ________
(A / B / C / D)
Which
hemisphere
is receiving
direct
rays from the Sun?
___________________________
What season is it in the Northern hemisphere?
_____________________________
What
season is it In the Southern hemisphere?
_____________________________
***After revolving counterclockwise***
•
Position ____: To model align and shine the flashlight
at Earth’s globe. Use model to complete data.
What is the letter of the position now after moving one space
counterclockwise? ________
(A / B / C / D)
Which
hemisphere
is receiving
direct
rays from the Sun?
___________________________
What season is it in the Northern hemisphere?
_____________________________
What
season is it In the Southern hemisphere?
_____________________________
LAB: REASONS FOR THE SEASONS
First Name: _________________________ Last Name: ___________________ Date: February 9th, 2026
pf2

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Download Seasons Lab Demonstration and more Exercises Earth science in PDF only on Docsity!

Purpose:

The purpose of this lab is to explore the times of year when different parts of the Earth receive direct and indirect rays from the Sun.

Materials: • Earth Globe • Flashlight • Cup Stand for Light Source • Seasons Mat

Reminders:

  • Earth’s Axis is tilted 23.5°.
  • Do not confuse ROTATION with REVOLUTION: Rotation occurs every 24 hours. When we face the sun, we experience daytime. When we are not facing the sun, we experience nighttime. Procedure:
  • Model Earth's 4 positions around the Sun to show where and how the 4 seasons occur.
  • Your model of each position must show the axis titled properly, 23.5° to the right
  • When asked to “ align ” place materials in a “straight line” .. See pic to right
  • Sketch a picture of your observations at each position in your lab report.

Data Directions: Record your observations about the area

of the earth that receives the most direct energy (sunlight) for positions A-D.

  • Position B: To model align and shine the flashlight at Earth’s globe. Use model to complete data. Which hemisphere is receiving direct rays from the Sun?

What season is it in the Northern hemisphere?

_____________________________

What season is it In the Southern hemisphere?

_____________________________

After revolving counterclockwise

  • Position _____: To model align and shine the flashlight at Earth’s globe. Use model to complete data. What is the letter of the position now after moving one space counterclockwise? ________ (A / B / C / D) Which hemisphere is receiving direct rays from the Sun?

What season is it in the Northern hemisphere?

_____________________________

What season is it In the Southern hemisphere?

_____________________________

After revolving counterclockwise

  • Position ____: To model align and shine the flashlight at Earth’s globe. Use model to complete data. What is the letter of the position now after moving one space counterclockwise? ________ (A / B / C / D) Which hemisphere is receiving direct rays from the Sun?

What season is it in the Northern hemisphere?

_____________________________

What season is it In the Southern hemisphere?

_____________________________

LAB: REASONS FOR THE SEASONS

First Name: _________________________ Last Name: ___________________ Date: February 9th, 2026

  • Position ____: To model align and shine the flashlight at Earth’s globe. Use model to complete data. What is the letter of the position now after moving one space counterclockwise? ________ (A / B / C / D) Which hemisphere is receiving direct rays from the Sun?

___________________________

What season is it in the Northern hemisphere?

_____________________________

What season is it In the Southern hemisphere?

_____________________________

Analysis: Based on the information gathered during your observations, complete the following chart. Conclusion:

1. In which position is the Northern Hemisphere having summer? _ 2. How long does it take the Earth to travel from Position A to C? _ 3. As the Earth moves around the sun, where does the North Pole always point towards? ________________ 4. At Position D. what part of the Earth is the Sun's most direct rays striking? _________________________ 5. The winter solstice, which marks the first day of winter, occurs when the Earth is located at which position? _________ 6. At which position do locations in the Northern Hemisphere have the longest period of daylight? __________ 7. What is the Earth's motion of spinning on its axis called? 8. What is the Earth's motion of traveling around the sun called? 9. How long does one rotation take? 10. How long does one revolution take? 11. Find Libya, Africa on the globe. What season occurs when the globe is at Position D? _____ Position C? _____ 12. Find Argentina, S. American on the globe. What season occurs when the globe is at Position D? ____ Position C? ___ 13. Find New Dahli, India on the globe. What season occurs when the globe is at **Position B? ____ Position A? _____

  1. Phenomenon Flashback** : Find Greenland on the globe. Explain why the midnight sun occurs here (2 complete sentences)

Solstice and Equinox Directions: Use the diagrams and descriptions above for 14 - 18 below. 15. At which 2 positions do we experience an Equinox on Earth? Positions ____ and ____ on the Seasons Mat 16. At which 2 positions do we experience an Equinox on Earth? Positions ____ and ____ on the Seasons Mat 17. In the diagram to the right Path ___ best represents the sun’s pathway during winter. 18. In the diagram to the right Path ___ best represents the sun’s pathway during summer 19. In the diagram to the right Path ___ best represents the sun’s pathway during spring and fall. 20. Find cities or countries that will experience close to 12 hours of daylight all year long? _______________________ and _________________________

I

Event (for North America) Month Season beginning in the Northern Hemisphere Season beginning in the Southern Hemisphere Location receiving the Sun's direct rays Summer

solstice^ I^ I^ I

Autumn

equinox^ I^ I^ I

Winter

solstice^ I^ I^ I^ I

I

Spring

equinox I I I I

After revolving counterclockwise again