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A (^) SE .018' 011
Wheeler, Elaine St. MaOs High School General Biology. Course. Delaware State Dept. dt'Pliblip Instruction, Dover.; Del Mod System, Dover, Del. National Scien6e Foundation, Washington, D.C. NSF-GW- (73] 91p.
MF-$0.75 HC-$1k.26 PLUS POSTAGE *Biology"; Curriculum Guides; PnStruction; *Ingtructianal Materialsi Learnin§ Disabilities; Science Education; *Secondary School Science; *Slow Learners; *Teaching Guides; Units: of Study (SuUject Fields) - ° .I IDENTIFIERS *Del Mod System
ABSTRACT This unit of instruction consists of.a general biology course for 'secondary school students wit_ h laarnipq.' -disabilities or who .are r octant learners. All units include the objectives, list o new wor and a list, and type of activities to achieve the objectives. Studett,participation'is eiphasized. The students choose the type and sequence of the exetcisesto be done:" Better readqiis help poorer ones., Students. determine the number of. activities thy complete in_leach unit. The materiills.to'be used and the source from which they da# be obtained are presented.. The evaluation proc.ss e is outlIne4 and a progress record form included. Each leariling aktivity includes an, introduction, presenting the concept to be learned', the purpose, the necesary materials and procedures as well as a student report sheet. Extra credit' activities 11,111,3 optional- learning experiences are provided."(EB)
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US,OWPANYMENTOEHEAT.TH, IICTITCATION1WFLFAHle NAIIONALINSTiTTTE,OE EDUCATION DV(C.0CAAN(11,Y^ siS^ ACTJAAt.NTNASUUrN cilit.Lmt_LTI1t04^^ TH'ITTICT THEPESONOHONOANITAIIONONIGI* AItt4011POINTS04VIIWONOPINIONS STA1EDDONOVNI(ISSAI415Y/etVIVI. NI01VI( (^) NA1IONA1,11.1I10II TIONPOSITION014VIOLI(Y Of
ST.MARKS1-1161 SCHOOL
GENERALftIQLOGYCOURSE
Prepared By
Siztert. LW& Wheeten.
. Science Deparament ' ST. MARKS HIGH SOHOOL
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BEST(iPY AVAILABLE
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Prcinted.and ci,444serUrtici thkoughllie ()Wee 06 ComporfeacobkoVnato. dh the State Depaktment 1n4tAuction, Ityhtt 4. ,Townw4 Bui,eding,Tov4,
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GENERAL BIOLOGY COURSJ S
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I. (^) To provide, a, comprehensi manner to students with learners. 'To preSent a wide var of the group. but,. not To' enable all Ehuden bui1,0 confidence. 7
PROCEDURE
1.' All units begin taining:
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a.- Objectives f4 d.the unit
K HIGH SCHOOL
'co tse in a simple, interesting ng dis'abilities or reluctant
exercises to challenge the best rage the poorest. pchieve some level of success.to
the distribution of *a Progress Report col)-
1 b. (^) List of new rds ' Ac. .List and typlil of activities-to achieve the objectives ,
...
2,' Student 'particip#tion A ,_^ x^ 4,
a; S?lection oOeAm and grbup members each tlemestet
. -\ (^) .:1. Stud' ts work it teams of two, Occasionally in groups .
b. Each te4465oses the type and sequence.pf. iwe,^ exercises
of f.to "
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(^1) theydd- .-!.
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- pevOrlps \e.tElponsibility and cooperatiOfi '2. The getter readqr helps the poofer one 5,2 TWOonfident students supports the timid one. v^. k..4. Th,discussion .reinfoKceslearnklyg..^. c. Inie'stuttp clet;ermite the.nUmber of-gtivities they complete
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`I 1. $44ents^ wirliaye,beenabsentWy.bring^ ib.a^ team mate
.. "A^ friend^ to^ helP'them^ (lake^ up^ lost^ 10/Ork^ -^. '2. $00ents^ excused^ for'driver^ educatioi, special.ptojo.c6) '001d trips,stc. come+. in on free mods. (^) : `
3. E401 unit contains CHALLENGEMATERIALfor especially
l'Oeresced students, who are always free to come in a. 00.ting-free mods as long:as there. is an empty place in '\ (^) pheiroom. (^). ,4'. 11
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AM MATERIALS AND SOURd
NIP
1. Padkets^ oOtranspar
ractivity and relvirt a. transp encies;
endY,' cassette tape, sheet ip a Duo-tang Milliken Publishing
-tape script, learning binder Company, -611 Olive
Street, St. Louis, Missouri (^) Ea
I). 30 aln, tapes from to Hut °. s"
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,
- Typed 1terning.activities and report sheets for a variety of types of lessons (^). (^). .^ %^.^ ,
- Tape recorder or player- Lafayette RK-79 @ 02.95 or .RK-68 (^0) 24e
or Craig-player @ about^2 $20,.. , ,
a. listening post: , homemade @ $4.28 % b. headsets: (^) Tape Hut SN-01-@ about $6.
Microviewers and filmstrips: (^) Nati&hal: Teaching Aids, Int. 120'Fjolton Avenue, New Hyde Park, New York 11040'@v$.2.00^ And $1.5.0 ryspectively.
EVAL6ATION
76,
1.. Students complete the exercises for-eAFh lesson and a student checker does the prelimthary correcting. a. (^) Develops rebponsibility and honesty
. b.' ReInforces learning c. (^) Roosts self-image
The instructor rechecks, tosigns.te grade, and records the mark
on the Progrqs s ReparttSheet a. ImMediate. reward of:the grade is encOUraging (^) a b. Most exercises are sufficiently easy for'the students to achieve a good mark 47. a great morale builder. - Nothing, sucoeeds like Aucess. ,
- "Grades. for quarters,. a. Fdur ,priteria ar\ Mliasured (^) Q A W Q 1. Quality of the work subditted s. 2. Attitude -.responsible, and'independlpt performance of activities (^) , 3. Work - careful, quiet, clean, and'neat report 443: Quantity oflaprk coMplefed ' o . (^). ,.. Students evaluate their oWn achievement ana attitude after each unit.
MyAivaluation oe this approach a. The students are .interested. b..4 they are .qhallenged And are striving to 'meet the' challebge. c. The.non-,readers are reading the tape script.as they listen in order .to have better success tfinding-the answers to. 'the activites,'
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III GENERAL BIOLOGY
SCIENTIFIC TOOLS
z
PROGRESS RECORD
Page 1
1Name
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Section. (^) --1)te In'structor ,^ 'N. If.' OBJECTIVEi: Ad the end. of-tItV unit, students s'hauia b (^) able to:.,',..
- (^) collect and: record data
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- (^) graph: Atty.
.50 intetpret graphs. (^) , \
- (^) identify the mtklizir parts of a .
- calculat4'magnification.
- make a slide :and'folus it Unger, law and high power.
compound mi6roscope.,
,
REQUIRED NEW.WCIRDS
verticle axis, pipet, horivtntal'akis-,.curve, slide, coverslip- v PARTS OF (^) MICROSCOPE (See tauschand Lomb,gmide slatets)
arm base- clips lens stage field
body tube - 4k, ,^. zoo microscope
coarse_ adjustment , , fine adjustmep,r
C.; compound^ mi4vscope^ 'illuminator
-disc diaphragm (^) object (^) - , eyepiece (^) objective magnification (^) resolving power N,
THIS^1 PROGRESSS RECORD' IS NOT TO BE TAKEN 1 Oi.TT OF THE .R00144.
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GtNERAL BIOLOGY
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PROGRESS RECORD
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SCIENTIFIC TOOLS'
Name (^) a Seclion Diite Instructor
1 NUMBER TITLE, DESCRIPTION CHECK COMMENTS
1.01 , Collecting Data. 'Stab
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1.02 'Graphing Data
. Class
(% .'s
Qviz 1.01.and 1,02 ,.^ ,.
. , The Compound.
. Class
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4 ,
Making S10es Lab
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\ Challeng6 Material'
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I (^1 06) Review Graphing
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) Test.
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TIME: In offer to keep jive,material and fresh solutions available it to put a time limit on :reach un4. All students do not learn at the sate rate; therefore, you doh WELL as altich as you can o in the. time allotted. Those Who complete all the exercises may try" the Challenge. -Material, bit remember, Quality is,mire important^ than^ Quntity. ( GRADING:.'
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Quality of work stibmate
2. Attiiee rgsponsible lhdependent
- Work - careful, (pier, .tidy (^) ...^ .' (
/ 4.^ 'QuanektY. ,^ oworOcompleted /
(-4 1 RgMEMBER'4 ITEMS: Q.A.W.Q. "" (^) '--. ,
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PROCEDURE: This,intro)Jub.tory',unit -i$79 wilt^ work more' or^ less^ Vogeher^ ;.
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Ifi he or she gets ahead of the, vouP, he/she^ ma^ 'do^ the^ fhallenge^ Material .
GENERAL BIOLOGY
COLLECTING DATA
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.
Page 2
. (^) 1. .^ ,^ 'N-
- (^) After a few seconds, read: the temperature of the water and record 1.' it th #1 in the Data Chart under TeMperature.
- (^) Now quickly, using the second hand on the clock, count the num- ber of times in one tanute-that the (^) og's lower jaw goes UP.
Don't count the down movements onl 'the 6 movements.
6. Write thatinpmber in the'Wst Count line In the chart on the
Room *Temperature column/. r (^). Wait 'one minute. (^) Then cevut.again foi-_one minute_l Write the numkpr, on the Second Count lihe.' Wait one minute/ CoUnt again for one, minute.: Writethe number in the, third count line, 'Now add the three counib together-aria divide the total by 3. Thi9 givep you'the Avetage Breaths/min: Write that number in the place marked Average at Room Temperature in the,Data Chart. 9.. (^) Place the jar with the frog into a gallon jug. (^) Place as much crushed ice as you can into this large container, so that the jar is about halvOi-ed eA by ice. (^) Arrange the ice in the jug so the frog can be fen : .# 10., (^) Take the tempetature of the water "inside the jar., When it his (^1) dropped-5 degrees lower than:wive...11 you started, pull it up out of the ice just enough tq keep the tempqrature 'steady.
- (^) Take three one-minute counts, and reddrd them-under first count, second count, and third count in #2 column in the chart. Average 'these 3t'counts and:record the average below the; second .column int the Data Chart.
- (^) Pour 4 tablespoons of salt on the ice in the large- cvntalkner. Thi. (^) will 'lower the tetiperature.of the i e. -Make sure nd salt gets.on the frog. -/^ , '13. (^) After the temperature has dropped 5 or 6 more degrees, measure. the temperature and record it in, #3 column Of the Data Chart. Pull the
jar up to keep the temperature constant fort, the 3 counts. Take 3
pre minute counts and record them under Firsy.Count, Second Count, ancItThird Count in Column #3 of the Data Chart. Average these 3
k counts and in the DataChart.
v 14: (^) *Pour four more tablespbons of salt on the ice in t1 outer beaker. Allow the temperature to drop 3 or 6 more degrees. *, .15. (^) Again, measure the temperature of the water insAle and record in ColUmb #4-ot the Bata Chart./ Pull the jar up out .of the ice if necessary to keep temperpttre,constant while you,maklthe three counts: (^) Record, them asibe )re..^ ,^ k^ A
- (^) Clelp all lab equipment and materials and return theb to their e,' proper .pitac,es. 'Rem9ve,the frog from the jar-and return it to the large cOntainer-Jon'thedsupply table., 1). .,. TE:youR DATA:. You-will use it in Ledning Activity 1.02, Ask your -teacher!,
.gts
look over your data and to initial it
r IV. DATA: (^) Record your data on 'your Report-Sheet.
/
r LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Page 1
'GENERAL BIOLOGY
COLLECTING D TA
V. (^) CONCLUSION: Write^ one^ sen'tence^ to:^ tell^ what^ happened^ in^ general^ to the rate of breathing as the temperature decreased.
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GENERAL BIOLOGY.
.GRAPHINy DATA I
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.
Page 1 --r
INTRODUCTION ,.. (^) , - (^) t Ih.Ohejaboratoyy-activity you did.with the frog you colleCted .many facts alltout the breathing movements of a4frog at various tempera-
tures. The6(a6.ts rare called data. A 3aentist often wants to sh6W
his data.,t6,bcfler 'scientist. (^) One of the easiest ways is to make a graph, which .i. (^) n 'Sort of pictuxe of yours 'data and tells us ,a_a glance what hupperied in an experiment.
II. PURPOSE: -1: ,To learn graphing procedures.' (^) , To graph the data obtained-in LearhinK Activity #1,01.
MATERIAL:. 1. (^) The information ' given on thtg-vage.
- (:The data you collected in 1,4?.atning Activity #1.
IV. - PROCEDURE
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Ao yreparing Your Graph
- (^) Air ph always has a'ver.ILical-- (^). axis (^) This is a line that goes.up and down, Label-the verytical axis,on the proper on your Report Sheet #11.- A graph also has a horizontal axis, 6.1inethat.goes acrobt
the_paPer. Label the horion-
tal_ axis on. the proper line.
(a)(b)
TEMPERATURE °C
In plotting a graph to Show howon.6-kind ofdata-telatth3-r
another you always use _..^ ,
(a) one number (^) -(b), two numbers,.or a-pair (c) -three numbers
Use' these data to Le a graph: Pat your answers on your k4ort
. (^).
s 'Sheet.^ To^ graph^ these^ data,^ numbers__^ must^ be.^ placed^ on^ each^ axis.. The temperature numbers wilr.be placed o..xi the horizontaly and the breaths/per minute on the Vertical, Label the vertical 'axis breaths:71'min,, the horizontal axis; Temperature °C on the Graph B on the front of your Repent Sheet.. d ,,^ 4_ In .this graph we Agin make each space equal to five degrees Cel- sius.. (^) For -example, the first spore is five; the' second is 10, ,., etc. Notice that the space. between .each_.number on. the horizont- al axis is (a) not the -same ,or_ (b) equal: (^) '
5. CoMplete the numbering of the horizontal akia,on the gx!aph on
® '., your Repert.Sheet. Number as Tartas will by needed-for. the.datp above. (^8). -^ ,^.
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-CE4IRALBIOLOGY,
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LEARNING. ACTIVITY 1. Page 2 'GRAPHING DATA
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If the numbers on the horizo the numbers on the vertical
(a) frog breaths per minute (b) temporature
al axis show the temperature,' is,must show
) of the ft:og's e
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Look at thetraph below, The.space'between each line represents
how ma6 breaths per.minute?
- 'Both the vertical and llorilontalN:ilines.lyere numbexbd by,fives. Wes the vertial axis have.to beA)numbered in' the same way as 'the horizontal axis?
- Number the lines on the vertical axis on your Report Sheet. 'You must go as high as necessary to cover the data
B. RECORDING YOUR DATA ON TILE GRAPH:
Begin g With zero, where the two lines 'meet at .the lower left corne`r ach vertical line has been labeled for five frog mouth beats.
. 30 25 20 15 10 5
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HEIM=
111111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111 11111111111M 111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Temneratvre oQ
10.. Study the.datasabovet .When'the temperature is 5°C, the breaths per minute are. -Put the point in the proper pltice on your grAph.
Tm °C
BREATHS/
MIN.
- 6 15 / 12 25 43
. 40 50 72
110 When the temperature is 15,,the breathes per minute are.
12'. (^) Continue recording the other five pairs of numbers above on th:6-graph.
GENERAL BIOLOGY \ LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.
Pdge'
GRAPHING DATA
- Number tbe horizo-661 axis for the temper:ature in the same way that you ,didbefore. Then, numbe1- the ver'ticaPI-axia for the breaths/mill.
- Plot your pairs of numbers and connect them to form a Smooth curve.
CONCLUSION: Write one sentence showing the relationship of temperature and breaths per minute in the frog.
CHALLENGE MATIRIkL:
- Obtain the data' from two other teams.. Record it .in different colors on your graph. ,
Did all-three frogs breathe at exactly Cie `same rate?
- Give two reasons which might.explaiii your answer.
Find the average breaths per minute;
C breaths/min.
r
0 b5eaths/min.
5 35
, (^).
10 , 40 ,
15
,.. , 50
.
20 60
25 ..^ 70'
- Using anqther color en^ or^ pencil;.graph^ these^ averages^ on^ the . (^) graph in Part 131,
- GiVe^ one^ or^ two^ reasons^ `.tor^ any^ difference^ ip^ values.,
GENERAL BIOLOGY
GRAPHING DAWA
REPOT SHEET 'L:A. 1.0 'Page^ 1.
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Name Se 'Lion Date Instructor
A; Preparing your. graph: st,
- a &b. 9
4
I. 3, 5 6 put, yokir amwer on the. 1;raph beiow,
4: (^) The space between numbers on the horizontal Ax14 is 4
- The vertical axis shows
- "breaths'per minute
- Interv'als on the vertical and horizontal axis 4
10 At 5°C the breaths per minute are
- (^) At 15 o C the breaths per minute are
- (^) You are comparing breaths/minute with
B. RECORDING DATA:
5 6 ...
15 12
25
1 43 .
(^35 )
(^40) 067.
50 72
60 75
.
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111/ 11111111111111= 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111M
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111M 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 M 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111
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CENERAI, BIOLOGY 'IAB REPORT L.A. 1.04 Page^1
MAKING. SLIDES PURPOSE: 'To learn how to prepare slides and to S8t7!' the microscope
MATERIALS:
- One member of the .Loam gut the following items from supply table:
.1 slide
t1 cover slip 0
1 medicine dropper
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1 t^4 11 letter e (^). ) ,.. 1 baby^ fodd^ jar^ of^ water
I - The ether member get:Che microscope assigned to you° iota^ are resp risible for it 'so handle, it_carefully. Report anY,damage 'imme aAely.
iWOURE:
PAkT, 1.
- Put',.ttre square on the &Ude so that the "e" is upside' down.
Add a drop of water with a medicine dApper,
and cover with a cover slip, whioh is'a thin square of plastic or"glass.::Your slideghould look like the one at the. right. The cover slip helps to protect the low and high,. power lenses, and it lhelps. to keep the preparation, from.
dryingout.
Secure the slide under the stageclips on the state of- the microscope. This^ 'prevents breakage of slides and improves the .focusing. Make- sure the ,"e"^ is^ upside^ down^ and^ over the hole in the 'stage.
Looking from the slide, use your coarse adjustment knob to raise .the stage until the +ens almost touches,-- tree cover Slip.
Check to see that the gray disc is,set at 100 magnification.
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Now, look into the (try^ to^ keep^.
both eyes open), and with-the coarse adjustineht knob begin to lower the stage. Bring the It e.^.^ fl into^ sharp^ focus.
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GENERAL BIOLOGY LAB^ REPORT^ L.L.^ 1.04^ Page^2
- Use^ the^ fine^ (.1,1-In.;tvo,^ t^ to^ bring^ the^ "e^ into^ even^ sharper^ focUs.
- Now^ s^ rotat(^ the.giqay.disci^ while^ looking^ at^ the^ image.^ Rotate the djustment^ Carefully^ to^ keep^ the^ image^ An^ sharp focus.
Now the ou^ have focused!^ the^ "e"^ on^ your^ slide^ in^ low^ power^ and high powel-, you are ready to answer the kuestions below. Use^ the slide you have made in -answering the questions. Ybur^ teacher^ will give you the correct anstvers.
a. 10 focus your microscope, you must 'firsts^ focus^ in^ ---^ mower.
b. Then,^ y^ u^ may^ switth^ -to^ power.^ .0n^ high^ 'power,--you^ use^ only
.f^ c,^ the^ adjustment^ to^ sharpen'^ the^ image'.^ On^ high^ power^ never ,.. d. use the --- adjustylent;.
Switch' back to low power. Sharpen^ up/the^ image^ of^ the^ "e". , claw the "09 just ,as you see itin your mieroscope.
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Ask your instructor to check your slide and drawing^ and^ td^ d?te^ and III inia61^ your^ veport.
Part II. Now^ 'continue^ to^ work^ doing^ th9 following^ exercises:
- Look^ at^ the^ "e"^ on^ your^ slide,.not looking^ tfirOughthe^ microspoi5e.' Then look at the."p" through. the^ microscope.^ Name^ two^ things which appear 'different about the 1!e."^ when^ you^ look,^ at^ it^ through the microscope: 4
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4 (a), The "e ". .is -^ --^ (b)^ The^ "e"^ is
While looking'through the microscope,move'the^ slide^ with^ the^ "e" to your right. Which^ way^ does^ the^ "e"^ appear^ to^ move in^ the microscope? The^ "e"^ moves-to^ the
While looking tlrough the microscope, move the^ slide^ with^ the^ "e" up (or away from you).^ Which^ wa$,^ does^ the^ "e"^ appear^ to^ move in 'the microscope? The^ "e"
- Switch^ .to^ high^ power^ again. Rethember,^ .USE^ ONLY^ THE^ FINE^ ADJUSTMENT TO' SHARPEN THE IMAGE OF THE "e".
too you see more of. the^ "e'^ or^ Tess^ of^ the "e^ "7^ --
- Move^ the^ slide^ with^ the"e"^ to^ thb^ night^ as^ you^ did before.' The "e" moves to the
