Memory Model: Atkinson-Shiffrin's Multi-Store Model and Serial Position Effects - Prof. Ma, Exams of Psychology

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Short-term store

PSY 373, Human Memory

September 17, 2008

Housekeeping

• Hand back quiz.
• Should have participated in suffix effect exp already
• Do Absolute Identification experiment for next Wed (i.e. Thurs evening)
• Exam 1 shall be Sept 29.

Overview of today’s material

• Little bit more Brown-Peterson
• Atkinson & Shiffrin: the modal model
  1. Control processes
  2. Transfer to long-term memory

foilheadDefinition: Proactive Interference

• Proactive interference is a decrement in performance attributable to prior learning.
• Often shown as a decrement in performance with practice.

• How can you distinguish from fatigue?

Keppel and Underwood (1962)

Perfect performance on first trial, even with long delay.

1. 5
2. 55
3. 6
4. 65
5. 7
6. 75
7. 8
8. 85
9. 9
10. 95

1

1 2 3 Trial

Proportion Correct^ 3 S econd s9 S econd s 18 S econd s

Release from PI paradigm

• Word trigrams from a category.
• E.g. car bike ship
• Some Ss get a category shift after a few trials.
• E.g. shift from “methods of transportation” to “vegetables”

Summary

• Primary/secondary distinction
• Decay vs interference
• Waugh-Norman task and implications

Things to know about the

Brown-Peterson task

1. Procedure
2. Basic finding and interpretation
3. Keppel and Underwood
4. Release from PI

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

• Watershed moment in cognitive psychology—still cited 100 times a year.
• Explosion of modeling and experiment done by Atkinson’s lab in the mid-1960s.
• Brought it all together in a coherent theory.

Points of distinction/emphasis for STS

• In STS, integer number of items available all-or- none.
• Control processes subject to volitional control.
• Transfer to long-term store depended on time in STS.
• Detailed mathematical modeling.

Automatic vs controlled processing

• Automatic processing happens independently of volition on the part of the S.
• Controlled processing is a result of strategic decisions on the part of the S.

Controlled Processing in STS

• Control processes maintain information in STS.
• Rehearsal is main one.
• The longer in STS, the more transfer to LTS.

A continuous paired-associates test