Baddeley and Hitch's Working Memory Model: An In-depth Look, Papers of Psychology

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More Working Memory, Implicit

memory

PSY 373, Human Memory

October 8, 2008

Housekeeping

• Should have completed Sternberg exp by now.
• Phonological similarity due for next Wed.
• Optional experiment: Implicit learning for next Wed.
• Experiment report due Oct 22.

More Experiment report stuff

• What’s an uncontrolled variable?
• What’s a hypothesis?

Important stuff from last time

• Baddeley’s working memory
• Phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad etc

Baddeley and Hitch model of working

memory (4.1)

• “Slave systems”—places to hold information of different types.
• A “central executive” to determine what information goes where.
• The “phonological loop” has received the most attention.
• Slave systems can retrieve information from LTS.

The Phonological loop

• Name comes from old-fashioned tape delay loops
• Finite amount of “tape.”
• Subject to phonological interference
• Maintained by “articulatory control processes” (subvocal speech)

Phonological similarity effect

• Lists like “CDGBEZ” are harder to remember than lists like “KLMGXF” for auditory and visual presentation.
• Perhaps there’s some sort of interference in the phonological loop?
• Presumably visual items show the effect because you say them to yourself!

How would this be consistent with a

phonological loop?

Articulatory suppression

• Subject says “the the the the” during list presentation.
• Subject gets a tongue depressor during list presentation (not making this up).
• Ear and mouth have priveliged access to phonological loop.

Articulatory suppression picture

Phonological Loop

‘‘thethethe’’

Details of articulatory suppression

(table 4.1)

• Articulatory suppression removes phon. sim effect for vis. pres.
• Still similarity effect for auditory items.
• Performance worse for auditory.
• Why is this?

Why would a phonological loop predict

the effects of articulatory suppression?

Another related effect: Irrelevant

speech effect

• Same idea as articulatory suppression.
• Unattended speech removes phon. sim. effect for vis. items.
• Tones don’t work.

The big one: Word-length effect

• Finite amount of “tape” in loop.
• Longer words should use up more tape.
• Fit fewer long words into loop than short words.
• Predicts memory should be better for shorter words.