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One of the central ideas of social psy- chology is
Given that social thinking, social influ- ence, and social relations are among the "big ideas" that are important in social psychology, what in particular is note- worthy about the concept of social rela- tions?
One reason you may not study so hard for your first test in this class is because
Who is most likely to ask "How do brain, mind, and behavior function together as one coordinated system?"
An idea such as "a child's gender de- velopment is directly related to his/her cognitive development" could be called
A researcher, interested in whether the mere presence of others affects individ- ual behavior, designs a study in which individuals are asked to make a speech to either an empty room or a room with five people in it. This type of study is best described as.
An investigator, who wishes to study the attitudes of people in Illinois, identifies 1,000 people in Illinois, taking care that the percentages of male and female, young and old, education level, and oc- cupation are the same in the sample as in the state's total population. What kind of sample is the investigator trying to obtain?
attitudes shape behavior and behavior shapes attitudes.
social behavior is also biological behav- ior.
social psychology seems obvious be- cause of the hindsight bias.
a social neuroscientist
a theory.
a laboratory experiment.
a representative sample
I ask you to describe who you are and you tell me your sex, age, political pref- erence, personality traits, and other in-
self-concept
formation you think is relevant. You are describing your
Ed believes that his wife knows how he feels and what he is thinking just by look- ing at him. Social psychologists call this erroneous belief
Victor walks into the room at a party, and everyone stares. He is devastatingly handsome. All the other guys feel bad. One reason could be due to
A person from a collectivist culture would most likely value
Bruce tells his girlfriend "If you don't tell me I'm the most good-looking guy you've ever gone out with, the best dresser, the best dancer, the smartest, and have the nicest car, I'll have to break up with you." This reflects Bruce's
Sometimes, when a person has repeat failure experiences in several different areas of their life, they feel overwhelmed with problems, and they feel hopeless to solve their problems, they lose motiva- tion to better themselves. This has been described as
People who act like "social chameleons"—those who seem to change behavior and attitudes to fit every situation they're in—are generally con- sidered
Your friend just took a new job. She meets you for drinks after her first week on the job and complains about her boss. This surprises you, because you've nev- er heard her complain about a boss be- fore, and she rarely complains in general.
the illusion of transparency.
social comparison effects.
harmonious relationships.
narcissism
learned helplessness
high self-monitors.
distinctive.
as well. As a result, she will most likely experience
If poll takers standing outside election voting centers survey entering voters on which candidate they prefer, and then ask exiting voters who they voted for, there would be a high correlation be- tween initial preference and actual vote. In this specific example, this is because
when an attitude is strong, it is a good predictor of behavior.
Social conflict does not include cooperation. The adaptive change in frequency of specific genes over generations is
Which field of psychology uses the prin- ciple of natural selection?
Which of the following is not an element of persuasion?
The best known universal taboo is the taboo against
Which of the following is not characteris- tic of females?
Based on the research, we would expect to see a higher rate of teen pregnancy when
One criticism of evolutionary psycholo- gy's speculation about sex and gender is that
A change in behavior or belief that re- sults from real or imagined group pres- sure is referred to by social psychologists as
After Marilyn Monroe's suicide, there were 200 more suicides in the United States than was typical. This was due to the suspected effects of
natural selection.
evolutionary
the physical location
incest.
They are more likely than men to commit suicide.
men are scarce.
it suffers from hindsight bias
conformity.
mass suggestibility.
How did the obedience observed in Mil- gram's study differ from the conformity observed in Asch's study?
Which lesson about evil do we learn from Milgram's research?
Concern for social image involves influence; the desire to be correct involves influence.
Shelley's mother insists that Shelly come directly home after school. Instead, in an effort to protect her sense of freedom, Shelley goes to the mall with her friends after school, demonstrating what social psychologists call
There was an expressed command in Milgram's study but not in the Asch study.
Social forces can induce ordinary people to engage in evil acts.
normative; informational.
reactance.
the process by which a message induces attitude change. Which of the following is more likely to produce change? Carl's relative died of lung cancer and emphysema. He is now thoroughly against smoking because of the strong emotional component of his attitude. What type of anti-smoking message is he more likely to be persuaded by? Persuasion as the sig- nificance and familiarity of the issue .
Regarding persuasion research on per- sonal influence and media influence, which type of influence is most effective?
the central route to persuasion
an emotional appeal
decreases; increases.
face-to-face contact.
Credibility is perceived expertise and trustworthiness.
The best way to build resistance to brain washing by religious cults is
teaching children about cults and help- ing them prepare counter persuasive ap- peals.
Persuasion is
roots to aggression.
aggressive behavior.
Research suggests that when we spon- taneously categorize people, we do so in terms of our
When misfortunes befall a person, oth- ers sometimes think the victim of circum- stances deserved what happened. One reason put forth to explain why someone would think like that has been called
Because you dislike one of your cowork- ers, you lie and tell others you overheard her saying how she disliked everyone at the office. This would be an example of what kind of aggression?
A man leaves a bomb on a bus to kill innocent victims in order to persuade a government to yield to his demands. This would be an example of what kind of aggression?
race
the just-world hypothesis.
hostile
instrumental
Theories of aggression include the idea that there are biological
What factor does not predict conformity? reactance
When we are stuck in traffic or behind slow people in line at a store, sometimes we feel like we are going to snap. One possible reason for this is because
Frustration arises from the gap between and.
Research in the laboratory and in real life suggests that pain, personal attacks, and overcrowding are experi- ences that the likelihood aggression.
frustration can facilitate aggression.
expectations; attainments.
aversive; increase.
Research by Berkowitz showed that viewing a weapon served as a cue for
altering perceptions of the real world.
According to George Gerbner (1979, 1994), television's most potent effect is Because Tony was ostracized by his peers, we would expect him to What factor does not enable close rela- tionships?
If Andrea wants to reduce her children's aggressive behaviors, she should do all of the following EXCEPT
engage in self-defeating behaviors.
detachment
encourage them to vent their anger.
Which statement is most accurate? Birds of a feather flock together. Roughly what percent of infants display a secure attachment?
Whereas similarity ; dissim- ilarity.
When romantic restaurants, dates out, nice dinners at home, and vacations continue in a relationship, couples last longer and are happier because they associate the relationship with positive things. This is best explained by
Umberto feels intense, exciting emotions for Elena. Elena has great affection for Umberto and sees their lives as deeply intertwined with each other. Umberto's love would be called ; Ele- na's love would be called.
According to equity theory, which couple would be most satisfied with their rela- tionship?
When your campus has a blood drive, you might weigh the costs and the bene- fits before deciding to donate blood. This strategy would be predicted by
According to B.F. Skinner, we credit people for good deeds only when we
increases liking; decreases liking.
the reward theory of attraction.
passionate; companionate
Jonathan and Ruthie, because both be- lieve they are getting as much as they are giving.
the social exchange theory.
In a classic study, Rosenhan, et al. had confederates check into a mental hospi- tal and report hearing voices. All other in- formation presented to the administrator and doctor was accurate and no other symptoms were reported. The study re- ported that
Professor Snowden is teaching a gradu- ate seminar in the clinical interview. He would be most correct if he informed his students that
Who is likely to have the most accurate perception in estimating their degree of control?
Witnesses who tend to be more accurate often
The misinformation effect is in part due to The cognitive interview procedure in- cludes Research on capital punishment finds that In poor countries , but in wealthy countries. Social psychologists suggest that all of the following strategies enhance life quality EXCEPT
most were diagnosed as schizophrenic and remained hospitalized for 2 to 3 weeks.
statistical prediction is highly superior to intuitive prediction.
There is no correlation between depres- sion and estimation of degree of control.
have a poor memory for trivial details.
suggestive questions.
guiding the eyewitness to reconstruct the setting. death qualified jurors comprise a biased sample. money predicts happiness; the correla- tion diminishes.
financial well-being.
