Software Engineering: Requirements Model Engineering, Study notes of Software Engineering

A summary of a session on Requirements Model Engineering in a Software Engineering course taught by Dr. Jean-Claude Franchitti at New York University. The document covers topics such as gathering information, interviews, Joint Application Design (JAD), and questionnaires. It also includes information on the course syllabus and required textbook. The document could be useful as study notes or a summary for a student preparing for an exam in a software engineering course.

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2021/2022

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Software Engineering
Session 4 – Main Theme
Requirements Model Engineering
Dr. Jean-Claude Franchitti
New York University
Computer Science Department
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
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2Requirements Model Engineering
Requirements Model Engineering
Agenda
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1Session Overview
Session Overview
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3Summary and Conclusion
Summary and Conclusion
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Software Engineering

Session 4 – Main Theme Requirements Model Engineering Dr. Jean-Claude Franchitti

New York University Computer Science Department Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences

22 Requirements Model EngineeringRequirements Model Engineering

Agenda

11 Session OverviewSession Overview

33 Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion

3

What is the class about?

ƒ Course description and syllabus:

» http://www.nyu.edu/classes/jcf/g22.2440-001/ » http://www.cs.nyu.edu/courses/spring10/G22.2440-001/

ƒ Textbooks:

» Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach Roger S. Pressman McGraw-Hill Higher International ISBN-10: 0-0712-6782-4, ISBN-13: 978-00711267823, 7 th^ Edition (04/09) » http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073375977/information_center_view0/ » http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0073375977/information_center_view0/table_of_contents.html

Requirements Model Engineering in Brief

ƒ Requirements Engineering Processes ƒ Tools-Driven Approaches ƒ Summary and Conclusion ƒ Readings ƒ Individual Assignment #1 (due) ƒ Team Assignment #1 (ongoing) ƒ Course Project (ongoing)

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Tools-Driven Approaches

Agenda – Requirements Engineering Processes

Requirements Engineering Processes

22 Requirements Model EngineeringRequirements Model Engineering

Gathering Information - Key Ideas

ƒ The goal of the analysis phase is to truly

understand the requirements of the new system

and develop a system that addresses them -- or

decide a new system isn’t needed.

ƒ The line between systems analysis and systems

design is very blurry.

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Gathering – Information Overview

ƒ Interviews

ƒ Joint Application Design (JAD)

ƒ Questionnaires

ƒ Document Analysis

ƒ Observation

Interviews - Five Basic Steps

ƒ Selecting Interviewees

ƒ Designing Interview Questions

ƒ Preparing for the Interview

ƒ Conducting the Interview

ƒ Post-Interview Follow-up

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Designing Interview Questions

ƒ Unstructured interview

ƒ Broad, Roughly Defined Information

ƒ Structured interview

ƒ More Specific Information

Questioning Strategies

High Level Very General

Medium-Level Moderately Specific

Low-Level Very Specific

TOP DOWN

BOTTOM UP

EXAMPLES?

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Interview Preparation Steps

ƒ Prepare General Interview Plan ƒ List of Question ƒ Anticipated Answers and Follow-Ups ƒ Confirm Areas of Knowledge ƒ Set Priorities in Case of Time Shortage ƒ Prepare the Interviewee ƒ Schedule ƒ Inform of Reason for Interview ƒ Inform of Areas of Discussion

Conducting the Interview

ƒ Appear professional and unbiased ƒ Record all information ƒ Check on organizational policy regarding tape recording ƒ Be sure you understand all issues and terms ƒ Separate facts from opinions ƒ Give interviewee time to ask questions ƒ Be sure to thank the interviewee ƒ End on time

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Interview Report

INTERVIEW REPORT Interview notes approved by: ____________ Person interviewed ______________ Interviewer _______________ Date _______________ Primary Purpose: Summary of Interview: Open Items: Detailed Notes:

JAD: Introduction

ƒ Invented by IBM late 1970s

ƒ Structured Meeting of 10-20 users

ƒ ~30 minutes per agenda item

ƒ frequent breaks

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JAD : Overview

ƒ Selecting participants

ƒ Designing the session

ƒ Preparing for the session

ƒ Conducting the session

ƒ Follow-Up

JAD Key Ideas

ƒ Allows project managers, users, and

developers to work together

ƒ May reduce scope creep by 50%

ƒ Avoids requirements being too specific or

too vague

25

JAD Meeting Room

JPEG Figure 5-5 Goes Here

The JAD Session

ƒ Tend to last 5 to 10 days over a three week

period

ƒ Prepare questions as with interviews

ƒ Formal agenda and ground rules

ƒ Facilitator activities

ƒ Keep session on track ƒ Help with technical terms and jargon ƒ Record group input ƒ Help resolve issues

ƒ Post-session follow-up

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Managing Problems in JAD Sessions

ƒ Reducing domination

ƒ Encouraging non-contributors

ƒ Side discussions

ƒ Agenda merry-go-round

ƒ Violent agreement

ƒ Unresolved conflict

ƒ True conflict

ƒ Use humour

JAD : Summary

ƒ Structured Meeting

ƒ Facilitator and scribe + 10-20 users

ƒ Attempts to overcome usual problems with

groups

ƒ Only one person talks at once

ƒ Every opinion is valued

31

Document Analysis

ƒ Provides clues about existing “as-is” system

ƒ Typical documents

ƒ Forms

ƒ Reports

ƒ Policy manuals

ƒ Look for user additions to forms

ƒ Look for unused form elements

Observation

ƒ Users/managers often don’t remember

everything they do

ƒ Checks validity of information gathered other

ways

ƒ Behaviours change when people are watched

ƒ Careful not to ignore periodic activities

ƒ Weekly … Monthly … Annual

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Criteria for Selecting the Appropriate Techniques

ƒ Type of information

ƒ Depth of information

ƒ Breadth of information

ƒ Integration of information

ƒ User involvement

ƒ Cost

ƒ Combining techniques

Selecting the Appropriate Techniques

Interviews JAD Questionnaires Document Observation Analysis Type of As-Is As-Is As-Is As-Is As-Is Information Improve. Improve. Improve. To-Be To-Be Depth of High High Medium Low Low Information Breadth of Low Medium High High Low Information Integration Low High Low Low Low of Info. User Medium High Low Low Low Involvement Cost Medium Low- Low Low Low- Medium Medium

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EAMF Requirements Model Engineering

Traceable Artifacts

Requirements and Definitions Traceability Graph

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Reasoning About Business Entities and Their Dependencies and Goals

Pattern Language Structure for Agent Patterns Selection (http://www.scs.carleton.ca/~weiss/papers/aois03-revised.pdf)