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Solutions and Solubility: Classification, Types, and Factors Influencing Dissolution, Study notes of Chemistry

University of Massachusetts - AmherstChemistry

An overview of solutions, their classification as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated, and the factors influencing their solubility. Topics covered include definitions, dissolving a solute, dissolving an ionic solid, calculating the heat of solution, and the effect of temperature and gas solubility. Real-life applications include sodium acetate 'heat pack' and scuba diving.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/19/2009

koofers-user-ok9
koofers-user-ok9 🇺🇸

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bg1
Solutions can be
classified as
ttd
Definitions
sa
t
ura
t
e
d
or
unsaturated.
A saturated solution
contains the maximum
tit f l t th t
1
quan
tit
y
o
f
so
l
u
t
e
th
a
t
dissolves at that
temperature.
2
666
66
-
...
SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS
contain more than is possible and are unstable
Definitions
contain more than is possible and are unstable
.
2
2
666
66
-
...
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download Solutions and Solubility: Classification, Types, and Factors Influencing Dissolution and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Solutions can be

classified as

t t d Definitions saturated or unsaturated.

A saturated solution

contains the maximum

tit f l t th t

1

quantity of solute that

dissolves at that

temperature.

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS

contain more than is possible and are unstable

Definitions

contain more than is possible and are unstable.

Dissolving a solute

miscible vs. immiscible

3

Like dissolves like and solubility is based on IMFs

Dissolving An Ionic Solid

Supersaturated Sodium Acetate

ƒ One application of a supersaturated

solution is the sodium acetate “heat pack.”

ƒ Sodium acetate has an ENDOTHERMIC heat

of solution (it requires heat to dissolve the

solid)

ΔHsoln +25 7kJ/mol

7

ƒ ΔHsoln = +25.7kJ/mol

Effect of Temperature on Solubility of a Solute in a

Solvent:

ƒ Endothermic reactions:

• solubility ↑ with ↑ temperature

ƒ Exothermic reactions:

8

Exothermic reactions:

• solubility↓ with ↑ temperature

Dissolving Gases & Henry’s Law Gas solubility (in mol/L)Gas solubility (in mol/L) == kk (^) HH • • 9 y (y ( )) (^) HH PP (^) gasgas

kkHH for Ofor O 22 == 1.66 x 101.66 x 10--6^6 M / mmHgM / mmHg

WhenWhen PP (^) gasgas drops, solubility drops.drops, solubility drops.

  • 6 6 6 662 ...  Scuba Diving