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Spatial Queries - GIS and Mapping - Lecture Notes, Study notes of Geology

Aligarh Muslim UniversityGeology

In these Lecture notes, the following main points were discussed by the Lecturer : Spatial Queries, Introduction, Mastering Arcgis, Graded Assignment, Still Worlds Apart, Mcmurdo Station, Antarctica And College Station, Antarctica, Graduated Color Symbol, Color Graduated Symbol Map

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2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/23/2013

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Lab Exercise 07 - Spatial Queries
Introduction
Welcome to this lab on spatial queries. After last week’s lab, everyone should be very comfortable
using ArcGIS to perform attribute queries. In this lab we will use ArcGIS to perform spatial queries
- selecting features within a certain distance of another feature or features that intersect one another.
Like last week, the information you use in this week’s lab you will continue to use regularly in your
GIS career, or at least through this course.
Part I - Mastering ArcGIS
You should work your way through Chapter 7 on Spatial Joins in the
Mastering ArcGIS
tutorial.
This chapter describes how to attach attribute information to features based their location. This
builds on the
selection of features by location
that is discussed in Chapter 6 of
Mastering
ArcGIS
. In the past, some of the spatial selection operations that are incorporated in ArcGIS used
to have to be accomplished through the process of
buffering
. If I do not use buffers in an analytical
fashion today, you may still have use them graphically to make a good map and we will discuss the
concept in lecture.
Part II – Graded Assignment
The core of this lab’s graded assignment is building on the attribute queries you performed last week
by using spatial queries. ArcGIS has a very good set of tools to perform this, and they are presented
in a much more approachable form than pervious GIS packages. Use them to your advantage.
You will find the directions a bit slim. This is done for a reason. If you are the GIS guru for your
workplace and someone comes to you and asks a question that you have to answer using a GIS, the
chances are that it will not be not be posed in GIS terms. A major part of spatial analysis is being
able to implement a question worded in plain English in a GIS. Therefore, I am giving you some
questions that I would like answered.
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Lab Exercise 07 - Spatial Queries

Introduction

Welcome to this lab on spatial queries. After last week’s lab, everyone should be very comfortable using ArcGIS to perform attribute queries. In this lab we will use ArcGIS to perform spatial queries

  • selecting features within a certain distance of another feature or features that intersect one another. Like last week, the information you use in this week’s lab you will continue to use regularly in your GIS career, or at least through this course.

Part I - Mastering ArcGIS

You should work your way through Chapter 7 on Spatial Joins in the Mastering ArcGIS tutorial.

This chapter describes how to attach attribute information to features based their location. This

builds on the selection of features by location that is discussed in Chapter 6 of Mastering

ArcGIS. In the past, some of the spatial selection operations that are incorporated in ArcGIS used

to have to be accomplished through the process of buffering. If I do not use buffers in an analytical

fashion today, you may still have use them graphically to make a good map and we will discuss the concept in lecture.

Part II – Graded Assignment

The core of this lab’s graded assignment is building on the attribute queries you performed last week by using spatial queries. ArcGIS has a very good set of tools to perform this, and they are presented in a much more approachable form than pervious GIS packages. Use them to your advantage.

You will find the directions a bit slim. This is done for a reason. If you are the GIS guru for your workplace and someone comes to you and asks a question that you have to answer using a GIS, the chances are that it will not be not be posed in GIS terms. A major part of spatial analysis is being able to implement a question worded in plain English in a GIS. Therefore, I am giving you some questions that I would like answered.

TO: GIS Technician 2 nd^ class

RE: Still Worlds Apart – McMurdo Station, Antarctica and College Station

Now that you have successfully worked on our Antarctic Project, I have more work for you do to on this project. Success always seems to breed more work.

Along these lines, in these two continuing projects we need to accomplish the following tasks

Antarctica

I have constructed a new Antarctic Geodatabase ( mcm_environmental ) that contains all of the information you will need for the project stored as different Feature Datasets and Tables (as is shown below).

In addition to the information you used in last week’s project, the geodatabase contains some of McMurdo Station’s infrastructure, in this case bulk fuel storage tanks. A geodatabase is the newest data model for storing spatial data developed by ESRI. It has some advantages over both the Arc/INFO coverage and the ArcView Shapefile. It, however, has much additional complexity which can make it much more difficult for novice users to successfully (and non-frustratingly) use.

Using this information as well as the orthphotograph basemap, I need you to use this additional information, the skills at attribute querying you learned last week and the new spatial querying skills you are learning this week to accomplish the following tasks.

  1. You need to construct a graduated color symbol map and perform some simple calculations to determine if Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) values in ppm falling within 25

In ArcGIS, buffering is accomplished using one of the Analysis tools within ArcToolbox as shown below.

Once you select buffer, the buffer wizard appears as shown below.

You should have the GIS skills to figure out how to use the Wizard to create the buffers you need.

  1. The second thing that I would like you to do is to create three grids using the original 100 meter square sampling grids that illustrates the (i) minimum, (ii) maximum and (iii) average TPH values within each grid cell. You should use the same symbolization for the 3 TPH categories described above and apply the same coloring scheme for all 3 maps. All three maps should appear on the same page.

As we would really like future business we need to do a bang up job on the map!

  1. Within the attribute table you can easily compute statistics for selected (or all) cells in a column by simply right clicking on the column heading. This is a very nice feature as is illustrated below.

  2. One thing to remember is that you can have a theme appear more than one in a layout. You can use the same GIS theme multiple times, but symbolize it differently each time.

That’s all Folks!!!