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SPTA 205 Exam 1 questions n answers
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One lasting legacy of the New England and Middle Colonies was the establishment of prohibition of sport gambling that extended from the 1600s through the beginning of the 21st century. - correct answer ✔✔True Which European colonial power DID NOT have any meaningful colonies in North America (modern United States)? - correct answer ✔✔Portugal Participating in and watching what sport, more than any other, separated the upper classes of society from the lower classes in the Southern Colonies? - correct answer ✔✔Horse Racing From which two regions did the majority of Enslaved Africans come to the American colonies (future United States)? - correct answer ✔✔Senegambia and west central Africa Pre-Columbian sport can easily be distinguished from Post-Columbian sport because the former relied heavily on the use of horses. - correct answer ✔✔False The joust was the main event at the European Tournament. - correct answer ✔✔False Native American lacrosse games often featured hundreds of competitors trying to score in goals located miles apart. - correct answer ✔✔True With the exception of the Enslaved African population, sport participation was encouraged in part because it helped develop skills that could be useful in military conflicts. - correct answer ✔✔True
At which sport were Native Americans and Enslaved Africans demonstrably superior to European Colonials? - correct answer ✔✔? Which of the following groups DID NOT shape the sporting heritage of Colonial America? - correct answer ✔✔Japanese In the 1700s, improved technology created more free time for individuals to pursue their interests. - correct answer ✔✔True The concept that people are inherently free to do as they please and are all equal, especially in a court of law is known as what? - correct answer ✔✔Liberalism Which of the following sport activities would likely have been discouraged by Great Awakening religious leaders? - correct answer ✔✔Cards Modernization is a naturally occurring phenomenon and happens regardless of individual agency. - correct answer ✔✔False What was unique about hunting and fishing for sport among upper class citizens in colonial America? - correct answer ✔✔Sports such as hunting and fishing for upper class citizens were done for leisure and entertainment rather than subsistence Under which component of a modern society is sport best classified? - correct answer ✔✔religious institutions Which of the following IS NOT a form of sporting activity deemed socially appropriate for women in the 1700s - correct answer ✔✔Hunting
The health reform movement was unique in that it promoted gambling as a way to demonstrate mental fitness through sport knowledge. - correct answer ✔✔False was the health reform belief that a combination of physical and moral fitness should be developed in young American men. - correct answer ✔✔Muscular Christianity During the Antebellum period co-ed sport participation became acceptable in sports like ice skating and croquet. - correct answer ✔✔True Which sporting practice used to maintain honor was gradually phased out of U.S. culture during the Antebellum period? - correct answer ✔✔? what is history? - correct answer ✔✔•"Systematic examination and explanations of change, or the lack of it, over time in human affairs" (Struna, 2011, p. 217) Historical criticism three rules - correct answer ✔✔rule of context: when was it written; whole body of work rule of perspective; what is authors viewpoint rule of free editing; what is being left out approaches to source analysis - correct answer ✔✔Reconstruction approach: what happened? Constructionist approach: what a happened and why? Deconstructionist approach: can we be certain?
Why is history useful to sport managers and administrators? - correct answer ✔✔it fills in the gaps EGYPT - correct answer ✔✔Zoser (Djoser) held Heb-Sed Festival to celebrate anniversary of rule. -Run in front of the cheering crowd to draw strength and energy from them. Egypt - correct answer ✔✔1st civilization to build facilities for sporting activities like swimming, chariot racing, hunting, running, and dancing Great step pyramid - correct answer ✔✔first known structure built for sporting activity Hunting park was created by who in Egypt - correct answer ✔✔Amenophius 111 Minoans celebrated what - correct answer ✔✔boxing, bull leaping, wresting, and tumbling Greeks - correct answer ✔✔Became the first civilization to construct facilities strictly for sport and/or entertainment/ Romans just made them more grand What hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 - correct answer ✔✔panatheniac stadium Circus maximus - correct answer ✔✔first and largest stadium in Roman Empire, more than 150,000 spectators Tang Dynasty - correct answer ✔✔produced drawing, paintings, and polo sculpture
•Role of Class and Religion in European Sport •Difference between upper and lower class sport horse racing became a prominent sport, especially for the wealthy of southern society Slave trade - correct answer ✔✔The majority of the enslaved population in the United States came from Senegambia and West Central Africa. New England and middle colonies - correct answer ✔✔Sport distracted religion and god. Sport was often associated with gambling, drinking, wasting time and energy sport and play on plantation - correct answer ✔✔Plantation sport developed as part of a unique culture, away from White populations. -Typically, children on the plantation were left alone until the age of 14 or 15 and were able to participate in traditional and improvised games. -Children's games included activities such as ice skating, horseshoes, marbles, ring games, educational and counting games (think hide and go seek). Dancing and sketches were common among adult slaves, as was hunting, fishing, swimming and running. Amongst slaves, combat sports and violent games were typically discouraged, as were games that isolated and excluded individuals. This was likely because the realities of the daily violence and forced fighting often experienced, as well as the reality that people could and would be separated from their families. Native American sport - correct answer ✔✔helped develop skills that would be useful for combat, hunting, and other activities. They developed a game like lacrosse but the games would last all day or for days. Goals could be hundreds of yards or even miles apart with hundreds of players on each team. modernization theory - correct answer ✔✔Modernization theory is particularly useful in U.S. sport history because it emphasizes examinations of the political and economic changes of the
Western world. The theory is particularly adept at explaining how Western capitalist democracies develop and change over time, including the creation of different leisure activities. pre modern society - correct answer ✔✔•Personal Relationships •Needs of Familiar Group •Association with Familiar Group •Familial Hierarchies •Invested in Group Success Modern Society - correct answer ✔✔•Impersonal Relationships •Individuality •Requires Bureaucracy •Family Reputation Disregarded •Value from Specific Role four components of modern society - correct answer ✔✔1. the economy
- the government.
- religious institutions
- education Six Indicators of Modern Sport - correct answer ✔✔•1. Establishment of Formal Governing Bodies •2. Written, Standardized Rules •3. Competition Under Purview of Governing Bodies •4. Role Differentiation and Professionalization •5. Documentation in Periodicals and Journals
Eye gouging - correct answer ✔✔a fight would only conclude after one competitor removed the eyeball of another. (frontier communities) The west 18th century - correct answer ✔✔more traditional practices remained including prominent archery competition and skill development Antebellum - correct answer ✔✔Pre civil war New York pre civil war - correct answer ✔✔For sport, increased free time, disposable income, and poor living conditions presented opportunity for the emergence of a sport industry. immigration - correct answer ✔✔900% increase in immigration Approved sports in health reform for city dwellers - correct answer ✔✔Skating, bowling, ring tosses Muscular christianity - correct answer ✔✔•Reform belief that a combination of physical and moral fitness should be developed in young American men agricultural fair - correct answer ✔✔where men and women could display their abilities and compete for titles as the best at various practical farm activities Upper class during antebllum - correct answer ✔✔began to pursue sport as an entrepreneurial activity such as boating and watersports like yachting and rowing steamboat races by 1830's Women upper-class antebellum - correct answer ✔✔calisthenics programs emerged in schools Southern horses - correct answer ✔✔bred for speed
northern horses - correct answer ✔✔bred for durability first modern sport in the U.S - correct answer ✔✔Harness racing Mid 1800s sporting for upper-class - correct answer ✔✔pursued with the intent to create a well rounded person (usually men) Upper class cont - correct answer ✔✔-The rise of private clubs created locations where wealthy individuals could network and participate in sport away from crowded and dirty cities. Additionally, this allowed the wealthy to pursue sport away from the lower classes. working class mid 1800's - correct answer ✔✔sporting fraternity talking drinking gambling Saloons - correct answer ✔✔often featured training areas for fighters. Also had sports betting Muscular religion clubs - correct answer ✔✔YMCA a healthy mind body and spirit Sport and the sporting frat - correct answer ✔✔ Prizefighting - correct answer ✔✔bareknuckle brawling, dog fights, cockfights, and rat fights Pedestrianism - correct answer ✔✔racing footraces the rise of team sports - correct answer ✔✔team sports were attracted by all classes. Baseball to lower and middle first
