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Statement of the Problem This study aims primarily to determine the Perceived Impact of Absenteeism in Grade 12 Senior High School in Relation to the Academic Performance in Calamba Integrated School, (School Year 2017-2018.) Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
- What is the demographic profile of students 1.1 Gender; 1.2 Age; 1.3 Year/Grade level?
- What is the assess impact of absenteeism in terms of: 3.1 Failing Grade; 3.2 Low Grade; 3.3 No learning?
- What can be the action plan that can do to less the absenteeism of the student 3.1 Write Attendance Policy; 3.2 Reward Good Attendance; 3.3 More Activities?
Definition of Terms Absenteeism - The practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason. Academic Performance – Academic Achievement or (academic) performance is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their short or long-term education goals. Perceived – Become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand. Impact – The action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another. Relation – The way in which to or more concepts, objects, or people are connected; a thing’s effect on or relevance to another. Students – A person formally engaged in learning, specially one enrolled in a school or college. Family Problem – A colloquial and pejorative label by used workers in social agencies and by the public to refer to the families who behaviour or social conditions they deem in some respect problematic. Poverty – The state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor Health Issue – A problem that affect someone’s health Failing Grades – A grade/ mark that shows that someone’s did not pass a test or course of study.
Paradigm
Independent Variables Dependent Variables Figure 1 Failing Grades students must pass all courses within the curriculum to be eligible for graduation. When a failing grade is received, an F is recorded. The student must be re- registered in the course before a passing grade can be earned. Each course syllabus will state the criteria for satisfactorily repeating a course that has been failed. Student must participate in additional learning experiences under the supervision of the course director prior to receiving a final grade for the second attempt of a course that was previously failed. Promotion to the next year of the curriculum is precluded until all courses in the preceding year have been completed with a passing grade. Failing Grades and low grade basically represent a student that does not learn or having hard time learning or understanding what they are studying. Failing student tend to reduce interest with studying and will have even worse grade. Lack of motivation usually is the reason for this Profile of the student a. Gender b. Age c. Year/Grade level Absenteeism Assess Impact a. Failing Grade b. Low Grade c. No Learning
RELATED LITERATURE STUDIES REVIEW
'Foreign Literature Attending school regularly is a vital factor in school success for both students and teachers. Excessive school absenteeism is often lined to poor school Academic achievement, so school attendance by both teachers and students plays an integral role in the success and educational advancement levels of any academic institution and all students enrolled. Successful schools cannot survive without physically present students .According to the “Excessive Absences Intervention” research study by author Linda L. Williams, excessive absenteeism by students may result in unlearned course material from fewer hours of instruction, and a disruption of class instruction for teachers who have to administer remediation for the absent student when he returns to school. Excessive absenteeism by students may additionally result in poor academic achievement because students are not receiving instruction on a consecutive basis. This problem also causes low standardized test scores because absent students are not present to learn key concepts and sills that are assessed on standardized exams. Excessive student absenteeism can lead to an increasing disinterest in school and academics in general. According to author Jason A. choeneberger’s “Longitudinal Attendance Patterns” study, excessive absenteeism increases the chances of a student eventually dropping out of school, which can lead to long term consequences for these students, such as lower average incomes, higher incidences of unemployment, and a
researchers have mainly focused on students who drop out of high school before receiving their high school diploma. Even though a great deal of research exits on students dropping out of school more so than on truancy, research on students who dropout points to early detection of truancy in their lives before they drop out of school. Dropping out of school, although defined by a single event reflects a long process of disengagement and withdrawal from schooling and educational institutions (Finn,1989, Newman, Wehlage, & Lamborn, 1992). In order to understand and reduce the problem of students dropping out of school researchers should first investigate the early warning signs in student’s behavior before it escalates to students actually leaving school. Studies of students who drop out of school shows long-term patterns of students who may be having difficulties at home and or in school at a very early age. Research has shown that students who eventually drop out of school are absent more often than other students beginning as early as the first grade. As the student gets older their patterns of being absent from school increases. So efforts to decrease students from dropping out of high school might be better spent on identifying early warning signs of truancy at the elementary and middle school level. It is a fact that poor attendance predicts dropping out of school chronic absenteeism can have a negative impact on the student and school. Students who are not in school are not learning and are not being aide/lately prepared to be successful in school and in life. Research on truancy and absenteeism suggests that 8students with better attendance score higher on achievement tests than their more frequently absent peers (Lamdin,1998). If Schools across the nation are being met with the challenge of making adequate yearly progress, which is a state mandate, and then more programs need to be funded in
schools toad dress the issue of truancy. So deal with the issue of truancy at the James P. Timinity Middle school students have been identified with five or more absences. The identified students prior and currentstandardi0ed test scores will be reviewed. Forty-one six, seventh and eighth grade students were identified with attendance concerns. A conference will be held to inform students of scores and attendance concerns. A contract will be made with the forty-one students and weekly positive rewards will be discussed with students for coming to school every day on time. The conference will be followed by a phone call letter to parents to tall" about the attendance concerns. $he students attendance will be monitored on a daily basis with weekly scheduled student check- INS to talk about attendance. Violators of the contract will be informed of consequences of being absent from school and a yellow card will be filed which will alert the attendance officer. In the past my buildings response to filing yellow attendance cards has been slow, causing many students with attendance issues to go unnoticed. It is my hope that the process can be handled expeditiously with students being monitored and frequent phone calls home to alert and inform parents of a student’s absence from school. Historically, schools have always held the student accountable for truant behavior. Corville smith, (1995) and Hoyle (1998) state that Truant and chronically absent students were considered deviants9. Frequently schools did not contact families until the problem was so severe that the student was failing their courses. Also research shows that he learning environment of an entire school can be affected by an individual students attendance problem. Most schools receive funds by the population they have attending school on a regular basis. If districts and school attendance rates are low, educational programs and resources are in (jeopardy of being cut. Also, in some
truancy is a major issue in middles school and high school, perhaps students should be identified and monitored early on in elementary school. Educators need to continue to find innovative ways to bridge the gap between home and school to communicate with parents the need for a strong partnership so students can find success. students need to "now that coming to school on time every day is important. Educators, when faced with schools that have attendance problems may need to venture out beyond the wall of the school, into the community to involve families and work together. Local Literature The study showed that being absent for three days in a month strongly correlates with poor performance. As educators, it is important to know the threshold. Drawing policies on school intervention regarding absenteeism requires guiding information on where to draw the line. Policies cannot be simply drawn out of thin air. Three days in a month, that number, a result of research, is a useful guide for teachers and school administrators. $he study as described by the article is only an initial analysis of the data. Ongoing research will continue to unravel further the underlying factors that result into absenteeism. This is an important task" since this information likewise is necessary to design the interventions that are relevant (de; Dios, 2010) Local Literature
students in various gender groups, school levels, and locations are at-risk of dropping out for various reasons. Come of these factors are common to all dropouts, while others are more "evenly associated with specific groups. The adverse effect of Poverty On children’s participation in school is clearly manifested in all dropouts, and in many different ways depending on whether they are male or female, are in elementary or secondary, in lower or higher school level, and in urban or rural areas. Those who come from rural areas are most vulnerable in two ways. First, because their parents have little and irregular income, they often lack money for school-related expenses such as school allowance, transportation, uniforms and class requirements. Families with limited financial resources prioriti0e their expenses, allotting whatever little money they have to more urgent family needs like food, a finding which supports earlier studies (Capili,1992. Only when parents have sufficient income are they able to provide for school supplies and expenditures. Second, children from rural areas are forced to engage in household tasks and income-generating Work by virtue of their economic conditions. Boys from rural areas, regardless of age, help parents earn money they take on whatever means of livelihood is available, from simple tasks like weeding, to physically demanding work" such as farming and fishing. This finding is consistent with an earlier report that documented a rather large percentage of young boys engaged in child labor (National Statistics Office & International Labor Organization 2001). Young girls, on the hand, are often asked to be caretakers for younger siblings and, when necessary, for sick parents older ones find employment either as farm help or housemaids. While parents consider education as a valuable option for alleviating their poverty, they are compelled to withdraw their children from
locations are at-risk of dropping out for various reasons. Some of these factors are common to all dropouts, while others are more keenly associated with specific groups. The adverse effect of poverty on children’s participation in school is clearly manifested in all dropouts, and in many different ways depending on whether they are male or female, are in elementary or secondary, in lower or higher school level, and in urban or rural areas. Those who come from rural areas are most vulnerable in two ways. 5irst, because their parents have little and irregular income, they often lack money for School-related expenses such as school allowance, transportation, uniforms and class requirements. Families with limited financial resources prioriti0e their expenses, allotting whatever little money they have to more urgent family needs like food, a finding which supports earlier studies ( Capili 1992) CHAPTER III THE METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the presentation of methods, processes and procedure that have been used in this study. The researcher discusses the sample size and sampling technique that was chosen for the purpose of this study. It also provides information and describes the description of the participants. The instrument used for data collection also described and the procedures that followed to carry out this study were included. The researcher discusses the statistical treatment of data used to analyze the data. Lastly, this chapter helps the researchers on how the data being analyzed and interpreted. Research Design Instrument To carry this study, the researcher will employ the descriptive research design. Profile of the Respondents The research study will use the purposive sampling technique. There will be students and teachers to be ask to rate the students learning and school performance. Student population and respondents of the study. Section Male Female Total T.V.L/H.E I 13 19 32 T.V.L/H.E II 4 19 23 INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY For the purpose of this study, the researcher made use of structured questions to save the respondent’s time and gather necessary data. It contains the demographic profile of the
Statistical Treatment of Data The following statistics will be used for the data analysis. Statistical Treatments of Data The following were the statistical treatments applied to the study: The mean and the five –point Likert scale was to describe The Impact Absenteeism Among Grade 12 Senior High School Students. The formula for the mean is given is N=
N
1 + Ne 2 Where: n is the sample size N is the population size e is the margin of error 1 is the constant value After knowing the sample size, survey questionnaires were distributed to the respondents to gather information or data. Researchers used simple random sampling wherein they select the papers of the respondents randomly to achieve the exact number of respondents. In addition, because of this technique there is an unbiased result of the data.
Weighted Mean It is use to determine the indicators under stress coping mechanism of Senior High School students. WM= ∑^ fx N Where: WM=Weighted mean f= frequency x= ratings ∑fx=summation of the product of y and x N= numbers of respondents Likert Scale Respondents were given a chance to rate each statement in the questionnaire. Their answers were given a corresponding number as follows: (^5) Strongly Agree 4 Agree
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Absenteeism in school is the habit of staying away from school without providing a genuine or any reason for not attending classes. It is a truant behavior that negatively affects the performance among students. Absenteeism, according to Merriam-Webster dictionary means chronic absence. In the context of the school it is the habitual or intentional failure from going to school. It cannot be denied that every now and then, students may miss some school activities and lessons. But it becomes a problem if the student will be away from school for many days. Going to school regularly is crucially important for a student’s education and social skills. Chronic absentee students are placed at a disadvantage both socially and academically. $hey miss out on critical stages of social interaction and development with their peers and at the same time impacts negatively on their academic progress. This can result to low self-esteem, social isolation and dissatisfaction that could well have precipitated non-attendance in the first place. School absenteeism is an alarming problem for administrators, teachers, parents and the society in general, as well as for the pupils in particular. Unaccepted absence has a negative effect on peer relationship which could cause absence. According to some researchers, teachers identified effects of absenteeism on children as' academic under-achievement, difficulty in making friends which could lead to boredom, loss of confidence. Also, prolonged absence can have deleterious effects for the child in later life. Students who are absent from school are at the greatest risk of dropping out of school early. Absenteeism in students affects their school performances especially when they are in a group or teamwork for their assignments and projects.
Since grouping will help develops the student’s cooperative and ability to share and gain knowledge from their group mates, likewise, the group mates will also miss the opportunity of gaining knowledge from the absent student (Koppenhaver 2003). Absenteeism also affects the teacher’s ability present class work in a sequential and organized way. This can have an effect on the progress of all the students’ attending the class. Teachers sometimes have to adjust from the lesson in order for the student to catch up. According to Schmidt in 1983, absenteeism affects the student’s ability to get high scores in examinations which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student may fail and will cause him/her to repeat the same year level. Students who have spent time attending lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on students’ performance. Students that participated exhibited higher grades and scores in examinations that the student. The families of habitual absentees can also suffer. 5or a poverty-stricken family, it may mean a continuation of the poverty and unemployment cycle that may run in the family. This also contributes to family conflicts. The society also suffers as the children of school age hang around in the streets. They can be found must gallivanting around. Since they have nothing to do, they resort to petty crimes like stealing other people’s belongings and properties. Others may resort to drug addiction and other behavior that is detrimental to society. Thus, if the student keeps on being away from school for too long, he may grow up to be a liability of his community and of his country as a whole. It is the aim of every school to lessen, if not eradicate absenteeism among its students. One way of addressing this problem is to identify the causes why students become truant from school. Once they are singled out, understood
