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A series of statistical tests and their applications in different scenarios. The tests include chi-square, Spearman correlation coefficient, paired t-test, McNamar test, one-way analysis of variance, Mann Whitney U Test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, and cross-tabulation. The scenarios involve analyzing relationships between variables such as ethnic identity and health insurance, BMI and exercise, marital status and blood pressure, and smoking and snoring. The document also includes questions to test understanding of the material.
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Determine if a relationship exists between ethnic identity (African American, Asian American, White, Hispanic, or Latino) and type of health insurance such as private insurance, Medicaid, or no insurance (n = 47) ✔Chi-square test Determine the relationship between BMI, which is normally distributed, and minutes of exercise a week, which is not (n = 12). ✔Spearman correlation coefficient A weight-loss program enrolled 45 pairs of twins. One twin in each pair walked for 15 minutes a day. Did the walking twin lose more weight than the other twin? Weight loss is normally distributed. ✔Paired t-test Determine whether mothers of young children engage in lead poisoning prevention behaviors (yes/no) before and after a nursing education intervention (n = 126). ✔McNamar Test In a study of 84 elderly men, a researcher wants to know if systolic blood pressure, which is normally distributed, is related to men's marital status, which is single, married, divorced, or widowed. ✔One-way analysis of variance A study of mentally disabled adults seeks to find out if having a visit from a therapy pet (yes/no) significantly reduces feelings of social isolation. Social isolation is measured on an investigator-developed scale and is not normally distributed (n = 35). ✔Mann Whitney U Test Determine the relationship between current smoking (yes/no) and excessive snoring as rated by the wives (yes/no) in a group of 122 men ✔Chi-square test Determine the relationship between the average number of days in a month that people wore a seatbelt, which is not normally distributed, before and after viewing a graphic highway safety DVD (n = 17). ✔Wilcoxon matched-pairs test
Determine the relationship between the year in school (freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior) and having a car on campus (n = 1,058 students). ✔Chi-square test Determine whether two raters agree on the diagnosis of psoriasis (present or absent) using newly developed criteria (n = ratings of 32 cases by the two raters). ✔McNamar Test Which of the following tests should be used to answer the question: Are teenagers more likely to use a seat belt after viewing a graphic highway safety video? a. Chi-square test b. McNemar test c. t test d. a and b only ✔b. McNamar Test (pretest/posttest measure) Which of the following tests should be used to answer the question: Are men or women more likely to use seatbelts? a. Chi-square test b. McNemar test c. t test d. a and b only ✔Chi-square test The McNemar test is used to a. compare pretest-posttest proportions on the same person. b. compare proportions on a case and matched control. c. assess interrater agreement. d. do all of the above ✔d. all of the above In a cross-tabulation table, what does "A + B + C + D" represent? a. The number of people with the condition b. The number of people without the condition c. The total sample d. None of the above ✔c. The total sample A cross-tabulation is an appropriate way to display data that are a. ratio. b. interval. c. ordinal (with many values). d. nominal.