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NSCA-CSCS Exam with Complete Solutions
A 17 y/o high school XC runner has been training aerobically for six months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that time? a. increased concentrations of glycolytic enzymes b. hyperplasia of Type II fibers c. transformation from Type I to Type II fibers d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers - ANS-d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers A college basketball coach would like to know which one of her players has the most muscular power. Which of the following is the MOST valid test for measuring muscular power? a. vertical jump b. 1RM bench press c. 5RM squat d. 100m (109 yard) sprint - ANS-a. vertical jump A female triathlete needs to improve the muscular endurance of her upper body. Using 3 sets of 15 reps per exercise, which of the following rest period lengths will MAXIMIZE her goal? a. 3 minutes b. 1.5 minutes c. 45 seconds d. 30 seconds - ANS-d. 30 seconds A vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement primarily in which of the following anatomical planes? a. sagittal b. perpendicular c. frontal d. transverse - ANS-a. sagittal After a bout of resistance training, acute hormonal secretions provide all of the following information to the body EXCEPT a. amount of physiological stress b. metabolic demands of exercise c. type of physiological stress d. energy expended - ANS-d. energy expended
After performing the hold-relax with agonist contraction PNF stretch for the hamstrings, which of the following explains the resulting increase in flexibility? I. autogenic inhibition II. stretch inhibition III. reciprocal inhibition IV. crossed-extensor inhibition a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-a. I and III only All of the following individuals can provide medical supervision during a college soccer match EXCEPT the a. athletic trainer b. team physician c. certified strength and conditioning specialist d. sports certified physical therapist - ANS-c. certified strength and conditioning specialist All of the following procedures should be followed when testing an athlete's cardiovascular fitness in the heat EXCEPT a. performing the test in an indoor facility b. using salt tablets to retain water c. scheduling the test in the morning d. drinking fluids during the test - ANS-b. using salt tablets to retain water An 8 y/o boy dramatically increased his upper body strength after following a six-month resistance training program. Which of the following is MOST likely responsible for this gain? a. increased number of muscle fibers b. enhanced cross-sectional area c. greater muscle density d. improved neuromuscular functioning - ANS-d. improved neuromuscular functioning An American football lineman has difficulty driving into defensive linemen and believes he has lost his explosive ability. Which of the following is the BEST exercise order to help this athlete improve his performance? a. back squat, hip sled, leg (knee) curl, power clean b. power clean, back squat, hip sled, leg (knee) curl c. leg (knee) curl, back squat, power clean, hip sled
Approximately how many net ATP are produced via the oxidative energy system from the metabolism of one glucose molecule? a. 27 b. 34 c. 38 d. 41 - ANS-c. 38 Creatine supplementation improves all of the following variables EXCEPT a. lean body mass b. maximal strength c. endurance performance d. power - ANS-c. endurance performance Drills or tests that require the athlete to move rapidly in response to a stimulus such as a whistle, arrow, or opponent are best for measuring which of the following? a. change of direction b. maneuverability c. agility d. acceleration - ANS-c. agility During a free weight exercise, muscle force varies with which of the following? I. perpendicular distance from the weight to the body joint II. joint angle III. movement acceleration IV. movement velocity squared a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-a. I and III only During which of the following exercises should a spotter's hand be placed on the athlete's forearms near the wrists? a. bench press b. incline dumbbell bench press c. upright row d. lying barbell triceps extension - ANS-b. inclinde dumbbell bench press During which of the following periods are sport-specific activities performed in the greatest volume?
a. preparatory b. first transition c. competition d. second transition - ANS-c. competition During which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) does the body physiologically adapt to heavier training loads? a. alarm b. resistance c. exhaustion d. restoration - ANS-b. resistance Elite sprinters produce (blank) force in a (blank) ground contact time as compared to their novice counterparts. a. larger, longer b. similar, shorter c. larger, shorter d. smaller, longer - ANS-c. larger, shorter Flexibility of which of these muscle groups or body areas is assessed during the sit-and- reach test? I. hamstrings II. erector spine III. lumbar spine IV. hip flexors a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-a. I and III only Following a period of chronic high-intensity resistance training, a variety of physiological adaptations take place in a number of systems within the body that promote improved athletic performance in strength/power activities. If an elite athlete were to undergo 12 weeks of heavy strength training, which of the following adaptations would NOT be expected consequent to this type of anaerobic exercise? a. a transition from Type IIx to Type IIa muscle fiber b. increased pinnation angle in certain muscle groups c. reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-Tubule density d. elevated sodium-potassium ATPase activity - ANS-c. reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-Tubule density
a. it increases b. it decreases c. it has no effect d. it is not related to the activity - ANS-b. it decreases If a strong athlete incorporates only unilateral training into his or her program, what might the strength and conditioning professional expect to happen? a. A bilateral facilitation will occur b. A bilateral deficit will be developed c. A reduction in bilateral asymmetries will occur d. Only unilateral strength will increase - ANS-a. A bilateral facilitation will occur If during the tire flip the athlete's hips rise faster than the shoulders during the initial pushing motion, what is an effective correction to give the athlete? a. Start with a higher hip position b. Keep the hips slightly below the shoulders in this position c. Lift the tire upward instead of driving it forward d. Push with the arms first - ANS-b. Keep the hips slightly below the shoulders in this position. In teaching the push press, which of the following is an example of segmentation with pure-part training integration? a. Practice the push press without any equipment, progress to practice with a PVC pipe, and end with an unloaded bar. b. Practice the dip, followed by the dip with the drive, and end with practice of the entire push press. c. Practice the dip, the drive, and the catch independently before practicing the entire push press. d. Practice the dip and the drive independently, followed by practice of the dip with the drive; then practice the catch independently and end with practice of the entire push press. - ANS-c. Practice the dip, and the catch independently before practicing the entire push press. In upright sprinting, an athlete's stride length is largely dependent on (blank) a. the amount of vertical force produced during the stance phase b. the athlete's flexibility c. the athlete's stride rate d. the amount of horizontal force produced during the toe-off of the stance phase - ANS- a. the amount of vertical force produced during the stance phase
In which of the following athletes might you expect limited bone mineral density (BMD) levels as a consequence of the force vectors and the physical demands associated with the given sport? a. a 16 y/o gymnast with a seven-year training history in her sport. b. a 23 y/o offensive lineman who has lifted weights for 8 years c. a 33 y/o track cyclist who has a 1RM squat of 352 pounds d. a 19 y/o 800m freestyle swimmer with 1 year of dryland training - ANS-d. a 19 y/o 800m freestyle swimmer with 1 year of drylands training. Maintaining adequate glycogen stores a. spares the use of protein for energy b. improves maximum power c. decreases endurance performance d. helps athletes gain weight - ANS-a. spares the use of protein for energy Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the following? I. increased maximal oxygen uptake II. decreased blood lactate concentration III. increased running economy IV. decreased capillary density a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-c. I, II, and III only Proper documentation is essential to the strength and conditioning facility. Which of the following is NOT part of the records that should be kept on file in the strength and conditioning facility? a. manufacturer's user's manual b. participant training logs c. written emergency plan d. medical health history - ANS-d. medical health history Reconditioned female college athletes who participate in sports such as basketball and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the a. back b. knee c. wrist d. neck - ANS-b. knee
The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean is called a. sarcopenia b. osteopenia c. osteoporosis d. scoliosis - ANS-c. osteoporosis The following is the most likely contributor to fatigue and poor performance: a. low protein intake b. iron deficiency c. low calcium intake d. omega-3 fatty acid deficiency - ANS-b. iron deficiency The longest aerobic endurance training sessions should be performed during which of the following sport seasons? a. postseason b. preseason c. in-season d. off-season - ANS-d. off-season The loss of physiological adaptations upon the cessation of training is an example of a. specificity of training b. cross-training c. detraining d. tapering - ANS-c. detraining The mean arterial pressure is defined as the a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle b. average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures c. average systolic blood pressure during exercise d. average of blood pressure and heart rate - ANS-a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle The medium-sized training cycle that last 2-6 weeks in duration is referred to as a I. block of training II. macrocycle III. microcycle IV. mesocycle a. II and III only
b. I and IV only c. I, II, and IV only d. III and IV only - ANS-b. I and IV only The primary macronutrient that is addressed in the pre competition meal is a. fat b. carbohydrate c. protein d. vitamin - ANS-b. carbohydrate The primary movement during the second pull phase of the power clean exercise is a. hip flexion b. hip extension c. knee flexion d. dorsiflexion - ANS-b. hip extension The rotator cuff muscles act as stabilizers to the shoulder joint. During the maturation- remodeling phase of rotator cuff (supraspinatus muscle) tendinitis rehabilitation of a basketball player, what exercise repetition range is MOST appropriate for improving the muscular endurance of the rotator cuff muscles? a. 3- b. 5- c. 8- d. 12-20 - ANS-d. 12- The soccer team is transitioning from off-season to preseason training. How should the team's resistance training frequency be altered? a. Increase frequency to improve muscular endurance b. Do no change frequency and add plyometrics c. Decrease frequency to allow increased sport skill practice d. Design a split routine with 3 days on and 1 day off - ANS-c. Decrease frequency to allow increased sport skill practice The soccer team is transitioning from off-season to preseason training. How should the team's resistance training frequency be altered? a. Increase frequency to improve muscular endurance b. Do no change frequency and add plyometrics c. Decrease frequency to allow increased sport skill practice d. Design a split routine with 3 days on and 1 day off - ANS-c. Decrease frequency to allow increased sport skill practice
c. 3 feet d. 4 feet - ANS-c. 3 feet What is the order of the 4 phases involved in designing a new strength and conditioning facility? a. construction, predesign, design, and preparation b. preparation, design, construction, predesign c. predesign, construction, design d. predesign, design, construction, preoperation - ANS-d. predesign, design, construction, preoperation What is the recommended coach-to-participation ratio during peak weight room usage time in a collegiate setting? a. 1: b. 1: c. 1: d. 1:25 - ANS-c. 1: What is the recommended minimum distance between the floor and the bottom of mirrors on the walls? a. 16 inches b. 18 inches c. 20 inches d. 22 inches - ANS-c. 20 inches What type of resistance training workout promotes the highest growth hormone increase following the exercise session? a. Rest (30 secs), Vol (High), Sets (3) b. Rest (30 secs), Vol (Low), Sets (1) c. Rest (3 mins), Vol (High), Sets (1) d. Rest (3 mins), Vol (Low), Sets (3) - ANS-a. Rest (30 secs), Vol (High), Sets (3) When an eating disorder is suspected, the strength and conditioning professional should a. monitor the athlete's daily food intake b. require frequent weigh-ins c. encourage further assessment by an eating disorder specialist d. provide nutritional information - ANS-c. encourage further assessment by an eating disorder specialist
When compiling results from the volleyball team's vertical jump testing, the strength and conditioning professional notices that most scores are similar, but there are 3 scores that are much higher than the rest. Which of the following measures of central tendency is most appropriate for this group? a. mean b. median c. mode d. variance - ANS-b. median When measuring maximal strength of a soccer player, which of the following could potentially adversely affect the test-retest reliability of the results? I. using multiple testers II. retesting at a different time of day III. an athlete's inexperience with the tested exercise IV. using an established testing protocol a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-c. I, II, and III only When one is performing a box-to-box plyometric drop jump, in order to generate sufficient force in a limited amount of time (<200 ms), which muscle fibers are bypassed through the principle of selective recruitment? a. I b. IIa c. IIX d. IIc - ANS-a. I When relating the season terminology to periodization periods, which season corresponds to the preparatory period of training? a. in-season b. preseason c. off-season d. postseason - ANS-c. off-season When stimulated during PNF stretching, Golgi tendon organs allow the relaxation of the a. stretched muscle by contracting the reciprocal muscle b. reciprocal muscle by contracting the stretched muscle c. reciprocal muscle by its own contraction
Which of the following energy systems produces ATP at the quickest rate? a. phosphagen b. aerobic glycolysis c. fat oxidation d. fast glycolysis - ANS-a. phosphagen Which of the following exercises requires a spotter? a. lat pulldown b. wrist curl c. power clean d. step-up - ANS-d. step-up Which of the following grips should be used during the deadlift exercise? I. overhand II. closed III. open IV. alternated a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and IV only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-c. I, II and IV only Which of the following hormones enhance(s) muscle tissue growth? I. growth hormone II. cortisol III. IGF-I IV. progesterone a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-a. I and III only Which of the following hormones has the greatest influence neural changes? a. growth hormone b. testosterone c. cortisol d. IGF - ANS-b. testosterone
Which of the following individuals is responsible for allowing an athlete to begin formal involvement in a strength and conditioning program? a. athletic director b. athlete's parent of guardian c. team's certified athletic trainer d. strength and conditioning professional - ANS-c. team's certified athletic trainer Which of the following is a non temperature-related effect of a warm-up? a. enhanced neural function b. disruption of transient connective tissue bonds c. elevation of baseline oxygen consumption d. increase in muscle temperature - ANS-c. elevation of baseline oxygen consumption Which of the following is a rationale for using variable-resistance training methods? a. to accommodate the changing mechanical advantages associated with constant- loaded exercises b. to minimize force application throughout the full range of motion c. to increase the time spent decelerating during a lifting motion d. to keep the applied resistance constant during changes in joint angle - ANS-a. to accommodate the changing mechanical advantages associated with constant-loaded exercises Which of the following is a reason for a trial for the T-Test to be disqualified? a. touching the base of cone D b. shuffling from cone C to cone D c. crossing the feet from cone B to cone C d. running forward from cone A to cone B - ANS-c. crossing the feet from cone B to cone C Which of the following is a recommendation for lowering undesirably high levels of blood lipids? a. reduce complex carbohydrate intake b. limit saturated fatty acid intake to 30% of total calories c. consume a minimum of 500 mg of dietary cholesterol per day d. replace saturated fatty acids with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids - ANS-d. replace saturated fatty acids with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids Which of the following is characteristic of anorexia nervosa? a. normal body weight
d. decreased urine production - ANS-d. decreased urine production Which of the following is NOT typically the result of overuse? a. stress fracture b. grade III joint sprain c. tendinitis d. micro traumatic injury - ANS-b. grade III joint sprain Which of the following is the BEST reason for aerobic endurance athletes to avoid erythropoietin use? a. Hematocrit and hemoglobin level may decrease b. It may cause an unregulated increase in red blood cell production c. Resistance to infectious disease may be impaired d. It may reduce the ability of the blood to carry oxygen - ANS-b. It may cause an unregulated increase in red blood cell production Which of the following is the correct foot pattern in the step-up exercise? a. step up LEFT foot, step up RIGHT foot, step down LEFT foot, step down RIGHT foot b. step up RIGHT foot, step up LEFT foot, step down LEFT foot, step down RIGHT foot c. step up LEFT foot, step down LEFT foot, step up RIGHT foot, step down RIGHT foot d. step up RIGHT foot, step up LEFT foot, step down RIGHT foot, step down LEFT foot
- ANS-b. step up RIGHT foot, step up LEFT foot, step down LEFT foot, step down RIGHT foot Which of the following is the definition of power? a. (mass) x (acceleration) b. (force) x (distance) c. (force) x (velocity) d. (torque) x (time) - ANS-c .(force) x velocity Which of the following is the method most commonly used to assign and regulate exercise intensity? a. oxygen consumption b. heart rate c. ratings of perceived exertion d. race pace - ANS-b. heart rate Which of the following makes the GREATEST contribution to total energy expenditure? a. resting metabolic rate b. physical activity energy expenditure
c. thermic effect of food d. resting blood sugar levels - ANS-a. resting metabolic rate Which of the following occurs during the QRS Complex of a typical ECG? I. depolarization of the atrium II. repolarization of the atrium III. repolarization of the ventricle IV. depolarization of the ventricle a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, III, and IV only - ANS-b. II and IV only Which of the following performance or physiological characteristics is NOT usually observed in a state of nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) within athlete populations? a. stagnation and a decrease in performance b. hormonal disturbances c. mood disturbances and depression d. increased levels of fatigue - ANS-c. mood disturbances and depression Which of the following performance-enhancing substances is most likely to increase lean body mass? a. anabolic steroids b. arginine c. ephedrine d. B-alanine - ANS-a. anabolic steroids Which of the following phases is (are) commonly used to vary workout during the preparatory period? I. hypertrophy II. cardiovascular III. basic strength IV. super compensation a. I and III only b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. II, IIII, and IV only - ANS-a. I and III only Which of the following protein sources does NOT contain all essential amino acids in appreciable quantities?
