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BIOLOGICAL

MOLECULES

Carbohydrates: Monomers &

Dimers

Starter task:

Label the pictures above as ATOM;

CELL; MOLECULE; ORGAN;

ORGANISM; ORGAN SYSTEM;

TISSUE.

Then organise them in order of

increasing complexity.

Biology – the building blocks

Introducing carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are a group of substances used as both energy sources and structural materials in organisms.

There are three

main groups of

carbohydrates:

Monosaccharides – these are

simple sugars, with the

general formula (CH

2

n

where n can be 3–7.

Mono = 1

Polysaccharides – these are large molecules formed from many monosaccharides. Poly = 20+

Task – what type of carb?

• Identify which

is a:

• Monosaccharide
• Disaccharide
• Polysaccharide A C B

Answers:

**1. Polymer - protein

1. Monomer –** **glucose
2. Monomer – amino** **acid
3. Polymer –** **cellulose
4. Polymer – starch
5. Polymer – DNA**

Glucose

Glucose is an abundant and very important monosaccharide. It contains six carbon atoms so it is a hexose sugar. Its general formula is C 6 H 12 O 6. Glucose is the major energy source for most cells. It is highly soluble and is the main form in which carbohydrates are transported around the body of animals. The chemical bonds in glucose contain lots of energy

Glucose in detail as a hexose sugar:

The structure of glucose can be

represented in different ways:

At A-level we need to understand the molecular structure of glucose & we could be asked to both recognise & draw a glucose molecule.

This is the

format we

RING STRUCTURE

ring (simplified) Sometimes we use a simplified version where we don’t show the carbon atoms