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Module 3: Biological Diversity

Inquiry Questions

Topic Inquiry Question Timing

3.1 Effects of the Environment on Organisms

How do environmental pressures promote a change in species diversity

and abundance? ✔

3.2 Adaptations How do adaptations increase the organism’s ability to survive?

3.3 Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

What is the relationship between evolution and biodiversity?

3.4 Evolution – the Evidence

What is the evidence that supports the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

IQ3 Key Words

❏ biodiversity

❏ genetic

❏ gene pool

❏ species

❏ ecosystem

❏ prokaryotic

❏ eukaryotic

❏ Cyanobacteria

❏ Stromatolite

Look - Say - Cover - Write - Check

❏ speciation

❏ macroevolution

❏ microevolution

❏ mutation

❏ genetic drift

❏ gene flow

❏ divergent

❏ convergent

❏ punctuated equilibrium

What do you know about evolution?

The term evolution comes from Latin meaning ‘unrolling’ or ‘opening out’!

Brainstorm

Evolution

Popular culture often depicts the process of evolution as a development of

organisms from lower simple forms to higher and more sophisticated states of

organisation. These descriptions often place humans at the top of the evolutionary ‘ladder’. This is a notion as outdated as the Earth being the centre of the universe!

Evolution and Biodiversity

Natural Selection is the process that causes evolution.

Through natural selection, biodiversity has increased.

Watch the following overview

https://www.youtube.com/embed/8lYxmmeih7g

(6min)

Natural Selection

Variation

Selective

Reproduction

Inheritance

Gradual Change in Population

Peppered Moths: a recent example of Natural Selection

In the 19th Century a good example

of natural selection occurred in the

industrial regions of northern

England.

The peppered moth rests on tree

trunks by day. Its pale dappled wings

are camouflaged against lichens (a

type of fungi) growing on the trunks,

and this protects the moth from

insect-eating birds. (^) Can you spot the moth on the branch in this photo?!

Pollution kills off lichens, and as industry

and cities grew, the tree trunks soon turned

black with soot from factory smokestacks.

Dark versions of the peppered moths

existed due to natural mutations and were

better camouflaged than the original form.

Gradually the dark forms became more

and more common.

Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth

Read the background information and answer the questions as you go.

1. Why are these moths called "peppered moths?"
2. What animals eat the peppered moth?
3. What is a lichen?
4. What do the larvae of the moth eat?
5. How long do peppered moths live?

Impact of Pollution

6. Where was the first black form of the moth found?
7. What was the Industrial Revolution?
8. What was causing the different colors in the moths?
9. What is natural selection?
10. Who suggested that peppered moths were an example of natural selection?
11. What has happened to the number of dark moths over the last 50 years, as pollution has been

reduced?

Final Analysis

19. Explain how the color of the moths increases or decreases their chances of survival.
20. Explain the concept of "natural selection" using your moths as an example.

Extension 21. What would happen if there were no predators in the forest? Would the colors of the moths

change over time?

Student Workbook Activity

● Blitzing 13.2 Dark Colourings jumped into the peppered moth