Summarizing and Note Taking Activities, Exams of English Literature

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Summarizing and Note Taking

Activities

Reflecting on My Current Beliefs and

Practices- Summarizing

• In what situations it is important for my

students to summarize?

• What does summarizing help my

students do?

• What do I do to help students

understand and use the process of

summarizing?

• What questions do I have about using

summarizing in my classroom?

The word photography comes from the Greek

word meaning “drawing with light”….Light is the

most essential ingredient in photography.

Nearly all forms of photography are based on

the fact that certain chemicals are

photosensitive- that is, they change in some

way when exposed to light. Photosensitive

materials abound in nature; plants that close

their blooms at night are one example. The

films used in photography depend on a limited

number of chemical compounds that darken

when exposed to light. The compounds most

widely used today are called halogens (usually

bromine, chlorine, or iodine.

Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia

The Six Summary Frames

• Narrative Frame
• Topic-Restriction-Illustration Frame
• Definition Frame
• Argumentation Frame
• Problem/Solution Frame
• Conversation Frame

Example Narrative Frame

(handout)

Definition Frame

Pattern Question Term: the subject to be defined Set: the general category to which the term belongs Gross characteristics: those characteristics that separate the term from other elements in the set Minute differences: the different classes of objects that fall directly beneath the term What is being defined? To which category does the item belong? What characteristics separate the item from other things in the general category? What are some different types or classes of the item being defined?

Sonnets are lyric poems with 14 lines that follow a formal rhyme

scheme. The two major types of sonnets are the Petrarchan (Italian)

and the Shakespearean (English).

The Petrarchan sonnet, named for the Italian poet Petrarch, consists of

an octave, or eight-line stanza, with two quatrains that rhyme a b b a, a

b b a. The first quatrain introduces the theme of the sonnet, and the

second quatrain develops the theme. The last six lines form a sestet.

The first three lines of the sestet illustrate the theme; the last three

lines bring closure to the whole poem.

The Shakespearean sonnet, named for the English poet and playwright

William Shakespeare, consists of three quatrains, each rhymed

differently, and a closing couplet. English sonnets written in the 16

th

century dealt mainly with love.

Example T-R-I Frame (handout)

Mammals are a group of vertebrate animals – animals with

backbones. Mothers nourish baby mammals with milk. Mammals

are warm-blooded, which means that they keep their body

temperature within a narrow range despite changes in the

environment. One sub-group of mammals is the marsupial group.

Marsupials give birth to live young, but the babies are still very

undeveloped when they are born. Baby marsupials live inside a

special pouch on the mother’s stomach and feed on milk supplied by

her nipples. Kangaroos are one type of marsupial. They live in

Australia and on islands close by. Kangaroos use their large back

legs and tails for hopping. Another marsupial is the opossum. The

Virginia opossum is the only marsupial that lives in North America.

Long, shiny, white hair and an undercoat of soft, woolly fur cover the

Virginia opossum. An opossum has 50 teeth. It sleeps during the

day and hunts food at night.

State and local parks, recreation facilities, wildlife habitats, and open-space initiatives benefit from the proceeds of our state lottery games. Multistate lotteries involve more players that our state’s current lottery games, so they offer potentially bigger pay-offs. They also offer additional funding for state parks, wildlife habitats, and open space. Our state should join a multistate lottery. Joining a multistate lottery will increase lottery revenues and help our state continue to support our parks, recreation facilities, wildlife habitats, and open space. Further, because a multistate lottery has the potential to generate even more money that the current state lottery, the state will have a source of revenue to spend on health and safety problems in public schools. Now people drive out of state to purchase tickets. The money that our states’ citizens spend on lottery games should stay in our state. Also, these multistate lotteries are the only way for people in smaller states, like ours, to win really big jackpots. Tickets for the big lottery games are usually cheap, typically only one dollar, but they give players the potential to win millions of dollars. We do have opportunities to participate in lottery games in our state, but joining a multistate lottery would give citizens more choices.

Problem/Solution Frame

Pattern Question Problem: a statement of something that has happened or might happen that is problematic Solution: a description of one possible solution Solution: a statement of another possible solution Solution: a statement of another possible solution Solution: identification of the solution with the greatest chance of success What is the problem? What is a possible solution? What is another possible solution? What is another possible solution? Which solution has the best chance of succeeding?

Problem-Solution Chart Example

Problem-Solution Chart What Is The Problem? What Are The Causes? What Are Some Solutions? What Are The Effects?

Pattern (^) Question A conversation frame is a verbal interchange between two or more people. Commonly, a conversation has the following components:

1. Greeting: some acknowledgment that the parties have not seen each other for a while. 2. Inquiry: a question about some general or specific topic. 3. Discussion: an elaboration or analysis of the topic. Commonly included in the discussion are one or more of the following:

• Assertions: statements of facts by the speaker.
• Requests: statements that solicit actions from the listener.
• Promises: statements that assert that the speaker will perform certain actions.
• Demands: statements that identify specific actions to be taken by the listener.
• Threats: statements that specify consequences to the listener if commands are not followed.
• Congratulations: statements that indicate the value the speaker puts on something done by the listener. 4. Conclusion : the conversation ends in some way.
  1. How did the members of the conversation greet each other?
  2. What question or topic was insinuated, revealed, or referred to?
  3. How did the discussion progress?
  • Did either person state facts?
  • Did either person make a request of the other?
  • Did either person demand a specific action of the other?
  • Did either person threaten specific consequences if a demand was not met?
  • Did either person indicate that he/she valued something that the other had done?
  4. How did the conversation conclude? Conversation Frame