SURGERY – SHOCK (DETAILED HIGH-YIELD NOTES)
Definition:
Shock is a state of inadequate tissue perfusion leading to organ failure.
Types of Shock:
Hypovolemic Shock:
- Causes: Blood loss, fluid loss
- Features: Tachycardia, hypotension, cold clammy skin
Septic Shock:
- Cause: Infection
- Features: Fever, warm skin (early), hypotension
Cardiogenic Shock:
- Cause: Heart failure (MI)
- Features: Chest pain, pulmonary edema
Anaphylactic Shock:
- Cause: Allergy
- Features: Rash, bronchospasm, hypotension
- Treatment: Adrenaline
Neurogenic Shock:
- Cause: Spinal cord injury
- Features: Hypotension, bradycardia
Pathophysiology:
- Decreased blood flow → decreased oxygen → organ failure
Stages of Shock:
Compensated:
- BP normal, tachycardia
Decompensated:
- Hypotension, organ dysfunction
Irreversible:
- Multi-organ failure
