SURGERY – THYROID (GOITER & HYPERTHYROIDISM, HIGH-YIELD NOTES)
Definition:
Thyroid disorders involve enlargement or hormonal imbalance of the thyroid gland.
GOITER:
- Enlargement of thyroid gland
- Causes: iodine deficiency, hormonal imbalance
- Features: neck swelling, moves with swallowing, painless
- Types: diffuse, nodular
HYPERTHYROIDISM:
- Excess thyroid hormone
- Causes: Graves’ disease, toxic nodular goiter
- Features: weight loss, heat intolerance, palpitations, tremors, sweating
Eye Signs:
- Exophthalmos (Graves disease)
Investigations:
- T3, T4 increased
- TSH decreased
- Ultrasound
Management:
- Medical: Carbimazole, beta blockers
- Surgical: Thyroidectomy
Complication:
- Thyroid storm (fever, tachycardia, life-threatening)
Key Points:
- Thyroid swelling moves on swallowing
- Low TSH in hyperthyroidism
- Exophthalmos indicates Graves disease
Viva Points:
- Definition of goiter
- Causes of hyperthyroidism
