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Computer Systems &
Programming (CS 367)
Section 001: Prof. Pearl Wang
Section 002: Prof. Elizabeth White
Spring 2009
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Previous courses (CS 112, CS 211): high-level Course Goals
programming in Java/C++
This course: exposes you to C and assembly
programming
C is a procedural language (not object-oriented)
Commonly used for “low-level” systems programming and embedded systems
Theme of the course: strip away abstractions provided by
understand what goes on “under the hood”high-level languages such as Java and let you
Abstractions have limits Course Goals cont’d
Especially in the presence of bugs
Need to understand underlying implementations
Useful outcomes
Become more effective programmers
Able to find and eliminate bugs efficiently
Able to tune program performance
Prepare for later “systems” classes in CS & ECE
Compilers, Operating Systems, Networks, Computer Architecture
Examples Int’s are not Integers, Float’s are not Reals Great Reality
Is x
2
Float’s:
Yes!
Int’s:
40000 * 40000 --> 1600000000
50000 * 50000 --> ??
Is (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)?
Unsigned & Signed Int’s:
Yes!
Float’s:
(1e20 + -1e20) + 3.14 --> 3.
1e20 + (-1e20 + 3.14) --> ??
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Does not generate random values Computer Arithmetic
Arithmetic operations have important mathematical properties
Cannot assume “usual” properties
Due to finiteness of representations
Integer operations satisfy “ring” properties
Commutativity, associativity, distributivity
Floating point operations satisfy “ordering” properties
Monotonicity, values of signs
Observation
Need to understand which abstractions apply in which contexts
Important issues for compiler writers and serious application programmers
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Great Reality #
Great Reality # Memory Referencing Bug Example
{ main ()
exit(0);printf("d = %.15g\n", d);a[2] = 1073741824; /* Out of bounds reference */double d = 3.14;long int a[2];
}
A
lph
a
M
I PS
Linux
-g
5.30498947741318e-
-O
(Linux version gives correct result, but segmentation fault.)implementing as separate function gives
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Randal E. Bryant and David R. O’Hallaron, Textbooks
“Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective”, Prentice Hall 2003.
csapp.cs.cmu.edu
Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie,
“The C Programming Language, Second Edition”, Prentice Hall, 1988
You can use any book on C
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Exceptional Control Flow & Virtual Memory (3 weeks)Linking (1 week)Program Representation (5 weeks)Data Representation (2 weeks)Programming in C (2 weeks) Course Outline
Assumption: You are comfortable programming in Java Programming in C
and/or C++
TopicsC is a procedural (imperative) programming language
C Standard I/O library for input/output
Bit-level operators
Pointers & Structures
Memory allocation and deallocation
Assignment
HW1: Write a non-trivial program in C
Machine-level Representation of Data and Programs
Topics
Bits operations, arithmetic, assembly language programs, representation of C control and data structures
Includes aspects of of architecture and compilers
Assignments
Lab1: Manipulating bits
Lab2: Defusing a binary bomb
Lab3: Hacking a buffer bomb
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Topics Linking and Exceptional Control Flow
Object files, static and dynamic linking, libraries, loading
Hardware exceptions, processes, process control, Unix signals, nonlocal jumps
Virtual Memory
Includes aspects of compilers, OS, and architecture
Assignments
Lab4 (optional): Writing your own shell with job control
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Each assignment should have a well-defined goal such as Rationale for Assignments
- solving a puzzle or winning a contest. Defusing a binary bomb.
Doing an assignment should result in new skills and
- concepts Lab1: computer arithmetic, digital logic.
Lab2,3: assembly language, using a debugger, understanding the stack
Lab4: understanding Unix process control and signals
Logistics
Grading
Homeworks (15 %) and Lab Assignments (35%)
can work in groups of two for homeworks
will be able to work in groups of two for later programming assignments
gradingAll programs will be submitted and tested on a Linux platform for
You need to obtain an IT&E Unix Cluster account (See syllabus)
Midterm (25%) & Final (25%)
What is cheating? Cheating
Sharing code: either by copying, retyping, looking at, or supplying a copy of a file.
What is NOT cheating?
Helping others use systems or tools.
Helping others with high-level design issues.
Helping others debug their code.
Penalty for cheating:
Removal from course with failing grade.
