Load Tracing 1
Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
S2009abn
FOUNDATIONS STRUCTURES:
FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN
ARCH 331
DR. ANNE NICHOLS
SPRING 2009
fourteen
system assemblies
& load tracing
lecture
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Foundations Structures: Load Tracing Lecture Notes (ARCH 331, Spring 2009) - Prof. Anne Ni, Study notes of Architecture
A collection of lecture notes from a foundations structures course, specifically focusing on load tracing. The notes cover various types of loads, including concentrated, distributed, and equivalent force systems, as well as area centroids and distributed area loads. The notes also discuss load paths, tributary areas and loads, and load equilibrium. Additionally, the document includes examples of real-world structures and their load paths, such as the alamillo bridge and the patcenter. The notes aim to help students understand how loads are transferred through structures and how to calculate the equivalent forces and loads.
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Load Tracing 1Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
FOUNDATIONS
S^ TRUCTURES
FORM,
B
EHAVIOR, AND
D
ESIGN
ARCH 331DR.
A
NNE
N
ICHOLS
SPRING 2009 fourteen system assemblies& load tracing
lecture
Load Tracing 2Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Structural Loads •^
gravity acts on mass (F=m*g)
-^
force of mass^ –
acts at a point^ •
ie. joist on beam
-^
acts along a “line”^ • ie. floor on a beam
-^
acts over an area^ • ie. people, books,snow on roof or floor
Load Tracing 4Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Distributed Loads
Load Tracing 5Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Equivalent Force Systems •^
replace forces by resultant
-^
place resultant where M = 0
-^
using calculus and area centroids
dx
w(x)
x
L
loading
loading
L 0
A
dA
wdx
W
=
=
=^
∫
∫
dx
y
x
xel
Load Tracing 7Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Equivalent Load Areas •^
area is width x “height” of load
-^
w is load per unit length
-^
W is total load
x x/
W x/
x 2x/
W/2 x/
x x/
WW/2 x/6 x/
0
W xw =⋅
w^
w 2 2
W xw ⋅ =
w
2w
Load Tracing 8Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Distributed Area Loads •^
w is also load per unit area
w
Load Tracing 10Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Load Tracing •^
areas see distributedarea load
-^
beams or trussessee distributed lineloads
-^
“collectors” seeforces^ –
columns – supports
Load Tracing 11Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Load Tracing
tributary area
Load Tracing 13Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Load Tracing
PatcenterRogers 1986
Load Tracing 14Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Load Tracing
Alamillo BridgeCalatrava 1992
Load Tracing 16Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Load Paths •^
wall systems
Load Tracing 17Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Load Paths •^
openings & pilasters
Load Tracing 19Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Load Paths •^
deep foundations
Load Tracing 20Lecture 14
Foundations Structures
ARCH 331
Spans •^
direction
-^
depth