Load Tracing 1
Lecture 14
ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES:
FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN
fourteen
system assemblies
& load tracing
lecture
reed.tamu.edu
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Understanding Architectural Structures: Form, Behavior, and Design - Lecture 14, Slides of Structural Design and Architecture
A collection of load tracing lectures from lecture 14 of a university course on architectural structures. The lectures cover various topics such as structural loads, concentrated loads, distributed loads, equivalent force systems, area centroids, distributed area loads, load paths, spans, levels, irregular configurations, slabs, girders and transfer, sloped beams, framing diagrams, retaining walls, retaining wall types, retaining wall loads, retaining wall equilibrium, pressure distribution, and wind pressure.
Typology: Slides
2011/2012
1 / 34
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Load Tracing 1 Lecture 14
ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES:
FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN
fourteen
system assemblies
& load tracing
lecture
reed.tamu.edu
Load Tracing 2 Lecture 14
Architectural Structures
Structural Loads
- gravity acts on mass (F=m*g)
- force of mass
- acts at a point
- ie. joist on beam
- acts along a “line”
- ie. floor on a beam
- acts over an area
- ie. people, books,
- acts at a point
snow on roof or floor
Load Tracing 4 Lecture 14
Architectural Structures
Distributed Loads
Load Tracing 5 Lecture 14
Architectural Structures
Equivalent Force Systems
- replace forces by resultant
- place resultant where M = 0
- using calculus and area centroids
dx
w(x)
x
L
loading
loading
L
W wdx dA A
dx
y
x
x el
Load Tracing 7 Lecture 14
Architectural Structures
Equivalent Load Areas
- area is width x “height” of load
- w is load per unit length
- W is total load
x
x/
W
x/
x
2x/
W/
x/
x
x/
W
x/6 x/
W/
0
w x W w (^22) w
w x W
w
2w
Load Tracing 8 Lecture 14
Architectural Structures
Distributed Area Loads
- w is also load per unit area
w
Load Tracing 10 Lecture 14
Load Tracing
- areas see distributed
area load
- beams or trusses
see distributed line
loads
- “collectors” see
forces
- columns
- supports
Load Tracing 11 F2012abn Lecture 14
Architectural Structures
Load Tracing
tributary area
Load Tracing 13 F2012abn Lecture 14
Load Tracing
Patcenter
Rogers 1986
www.columbia.edu
Load Tracing 14 F2012abn Lecture 14
Architectural Structures
Load Tracing
Alamillo Bridge
Calatrava 1992
http://en.structurae.de
Load Tracing 16 F2012abn Lecture 14
Load Paths
- wall systems
Load Tracing 17 F2012abn Lecture 14
Load Paths
- openings & pilasters
Load Tracing 19 F2012abn Lecture 14
Load Paths
- deep foundations
Load Tracing 20 F2012abn Lecture 14
Spans
- direction
- depth