TCP/IP Protocol Architecture: Understanding the Layers of Data Communication, Slides of Data Communication Systems and Computer Networks

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Data Communication

Lecture- BS(CIS) Semester-IV

TCP/IP Protocol Architecture

• Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

• History

 Developed by the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) for its packet switched network (ARPANET)

• Importance

 Used by the global Internet

• No official model but a working one.

 Application layer  Host to host or transport layer  Internet layer  Network access layer  Physical layer

Network Access Layer

• Exchange of data between end system and network
• Destination address provision
• Invoking services like priority, quality of service
• Routing is performed with in the network
• For different network architecture different implementations are used

 Example  Ethernet LANs, Ring LANs etc.

• Role importance
• Higher layers need not worry about networks

Internet Layer (IP)

• Systems may be attached to different networks

• Routing functions across multiple networks

• Implemented in end systems and routers

Application Layer

• Support for user applications

• e.g. http, SMPT

OSI v TCP/IP

UDP

• Alternative to TCP is User Datagram Protocol

• Not guaranteed delivery

• No preservation of sequence

• No protection against duplication

• Minimum overhead

• Adds port addressing to IP

TCP/IP Concepts

Trace of Simple Operation

• Process associated with port 1 in host A sends message to

port 2 in host B

• Process at A hands down message to TCP to send to port 2
• TCP hands down to IP to send to host B
• IP hands down to network layer (e.g. Ethernet) to send to

router J

• Generates a set of encapsulated PDUs

PDUs in TCP/IP

Some Protocols in TCP/IP Suite