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Notes
Book questions
Science portion
1) Which cavities is lined by the connective tissue peritoneum? ⇨ Abdominal Cavity 2) Which hormone that mediates the fight or flight response? ⇨ Epinephrine 3) Occurs if the epiglottis does not function properly? ⇨ The client coughs because food goes into the trachea. 4) Which of the following composes the ring the support the trachea? ⇨ Hyaline cartilage 5) Which of the following valves of blood from the arteries into the ventricle? ⇨ Semilunar valve (Present in both aorta and pulmonary arteries, prevent blood backflow) Side Note: (Bicuspid, or mitral valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle. Tricuspid valve is between right atrium and ventricles). 6) Which of the following arteries supplies the heart with blood? ⇨ Coronary arteries ( Bring oxygenated blood to the heart). 7) Breakdown begins in small intestine? ⇨ Fats 8) Lymphatic Capillaries that absorb fats? ⇨ Lacteals (absorb dietary fat) 9) Occurs to skeletal muscle as a result of acetylcholine released at the neutromuscular junction? ⇨ Contraction Side Note: (Peristalisis is the movement of food through the intestine). *Tube that carry both sperm and urine for release outside the body?
⇨ Urethra Side Note: (Ureter - > Carries urine from kidney to Bladder). (Vas Deferent - > Take sperm from the testis to urethra) ***** Protein secreted by hair follicles in the integument? ⇨ Keratin ***** Portion of the brain that integrates nerve signal and hormonal secretions? => Hypothalamus ***** The region of the kidney that contains the glomerulus of the nephron? => Cortex ***** Antibody – Secreting cells is triggered to proliferate upon vaccination? => B Lymphocytes Side Note: (Erythrocytes - > Red blood cells, which do not proliferate upon vaccination). ***** Produces ammonia by deamination in the liver? => Proteins
- Smallest region in space where two electrons with opposite spin and paired? => Orbital
- Iron being reduced? => 3Fe,2O,3 + CO - > 2Fe,3O,4+CO,
- Formulas best summarizes a single replacement reaction? => AB+C-> AC+B
- Muscle movement has synapses in the spinal cord rather than the brain? => Reflex arc
- Structures is responsible for egg production?
=> Smooth Muscle
- Which of the following organelles give rough endoplasmic reticulum its signature rough characteristic? => Ribosomes. APPS QUESTION & ANSWER A. The Diameter of an animal cell is around? ⇨ 0.001 to 0. B. Which of the following layers of atmosphere is closest to space? ⇨ Thermosphere C. Which of the following is not a part of the eukaryotic cell? ⇨ The bacteria Side Note: (Eukaryotic cell has 3 parts – The cell membrane, cytoplasm and the nucleus). D. What are subatomic particles, found inside an atom’s nucleus? ⇨ Proton and Neutrons E. What are the 4 basic types of tissue? ⇨ Epithelial, Nervous, Connective, and Muscle. F. The hardest form of carbon is what? ⇨ Diamond G. What is the most likely effect if a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction? ⇨ The rate at which the reaction takes place increase. H. Which of the following are the major homeostatic functions of liver? ⇨ Blood clotting and maintenance of osmotic balance of blood, emulsifies fats in the small intestines, Energy storage and use, Supports kidney in waste disposal. I. Mesosomes are basically the internal extensions of the: ⇨ Cell Membranes
Side Note: (The invagination of a cell membrane into the cytoplasm results in the formation of mesosomes. Mesosomews can be in the form of vesicles, tubules or lamellae).
- Various functions of mesosomes are: ➔ DNA replication ➔ Cell Division ➔ Export of extracellular enzymes ➔ Respiratory enzymes are also present in mesosomes. (The cell wall and capsule are the component of the outer wrapping of the bacteria known as the cell envelope. Cell envelope is the name given to the complexes of layers external to the cell protoplasm). j) The cytoplasmic organelle containing fluid filled tubules for carrying and transporting substance is known as ⇨ Endoplasmic reticulum k) Membrane Transport – The movement of substance in and out of the cell is carried out through: ⇨ Both active transport and passive transport. l) Cytokinesis is: ⇨ The division of the cytoplasm. M) The ultimate end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis is? ⇨ Pyruvic acid Side Note: (The end product of glucose breakdown in glycolysis is pyruvic acid. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose up to the formation of pyruvic acid). N) An increase in the number of cells, size of cells, tissues, organs, and the body resulting in a single cell becoming a multi cellular complex organism is known as: ⇨ Metabolism Side Note: (Metabolism is the set of life – sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzymes – catalyzed reaction allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments). O) The protection of the internal environment from the harms of fluctuations in the external environment is termed as:
an acid. The lower the pH number, the more H+ ions are present. The more hydrogen ions means more acidic). W) Enzymes are made up of what substance?
⇨ Proteins (Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that are made
up of proteins. They consist of secondary and tertiary structure of a protein with an active site). X) Which terms best describes a water molecule? ⇨ Dipole (Explanation: Water is dipole. There is an unequal distribution of charge between the hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen molecule with more electronegativity tends to create this unequal distribution of charges). Y) Enzymes are considered to be? ⇨ Biological Catalysts Z) The affinity that water has for bonding with itself is known as? ⇨ Surface Tension I. A large waterfall is a good example of? ⇨ potential energy that is converted into kinetic energy. II. A bond between two elements that share a pair of electrons is known as?
⇨ Covalent Bonds (Explanation: Covalent bonds are formed when
One atom shares a pair of electrons with another. This bond usually forms to create a more stable compound where both feel the correct number of electrons). III. Which describe the energy of motion? ⇨ Kinetic Energy IV. The hormone which acts on the same cell that produced it has a? ⇨ Autocrine Action I. Which of the following pairs correctly matches a cellular organelle with its function?
=> Cytoskeleton – Movement (The cytoskeleton consists of three types of molecules: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. They are involved in cell shape, support, and movement). SIDE NOTE: (A. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for receiving, modifying, and transporting proteins for secretion from the cell. B. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes for protein synthesis. It has three main function: Lipid metabolism, storage of calcium ions, and detoxification of toxins. C. The cell membrane forms the dynamic outer perimeter of cells, delineating the inside and outside of the cell. Its functions in cellular recognition and transport of molecules). II. Which of the following describes an anatomical relationship between two structures in the human body? ⇨ The ribs are lateral to the sternum. III Which of these organs is directly involved in synthesis of red blood cells in an adult? ⇨ Bone Marrow (Bone Marrow is the site of synthesis of red blood cells in the adult). SIDE NOTE: (A). The liver is involved in the breakdown of red blood cells in adult. (B) Lymph nodes are filters for the lymphatic system and are not involved in red blood cell production). IV At the end of a sprint, a runner breathes hard because the medulla oblongata senses which of the following? => Blood becoming more acidic. (Carbon dioxide dissolves in blood to produce H+ and HCO,3-ions, decreasing pH and increasing acidity. This pH is sensed by the medulla oblongata. V Which is an anterior muscle? => Quadriceps femoris VI The lateral side of the right knee would be?
⇨ Metaphase Stage of Mitosis in order are: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. XIX. Which of the taxonomic ranks is the most specific? ⇨ Species (The classification from least to most specific are: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species)
